May mesenchymal stem cell transplantation be a solution for COVID-19 induced cytokine storm?

Figure 1 Summary of coronavirus disease 2019 pathogenesis and mesenchymal stem cells benefits. IL: Interleukin; PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMP: Damage-associated molecular patterns; IP-10: Interferon gamma-induced protein 10; IFN: Interferon; MIP1a: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1a; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; PG: Prostaglandin; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; FCN1+: Ficolin-1 (highly inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophage); AT: Adipose tissue; DC: Dendritic cell; T reg: regulatory T lymphocytes; NK cells: Natural killer cells; CXCR: CXC motif chemokine receptors; IV: Intravenous; RAS: Renin-angiotensin system; N/L: Neutrophil/lymphocyte; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells.