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World J Transplant. Sep 18, 2026; 16(3): 124992
Published online Sep 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.124992
Published online Sep 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.124992
Pathophysiological mechanisms of cell death affecting graft survival in liver transplantation
Christina Mouratidou, Alexandra G Marneri, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
Efstathios T Pavlidis, Theodoros E Pavlidis, The Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
Georgios Katsanos, Athanasios Kofinas, Georgios Tsoulfas, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
Kalliopi E Stavrati, Department of Surgical, Eugenideio Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece
Co-corresponding authors: Efstathios T Pavlidis and Theodoros E Pavlidis.
Author contributions: Mouratidou C, Pavlidis ET conceived the study design and carried out data analysis; Marneri AG, Stavrati KE, Tsoulfas G developed analytical tools, assessed the data, and contributed to manuscript revision; Katsanos G, Kofinas A, assisted with data collection and interpretation; Pavlidis TE, supervised data analysis, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the paper; Pavlidis ET and Pavlidis TE contributed equally to this manuscript as co-corresponding authors; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: AI tools, specifically (Wordvice AI/Proofreader), were used solely for language polishing and formatting assistance. No AI tool was used to generate research data, interpret results, or formulate conclusions. All AI-assisted content was critically reviewed and revised by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interest associated with any of the senior author or other coauthors contributed their efforts in this manuscript.
Corresponding author: Theodoros E Pavlidis, MD, PhD, Professor Emeritus, The Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Konstantinoupoleos 49, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece.
Received: June 29, 2026
Revised: July 24, 2026
Accepted: August 10, 2026
Published online: September 18, 2026
Processing time: 63 Days and 7.8 Hours
Revised: July 24, 2026
Accepted: August 10, 2026
Published online: September 18, 2026
Processing time: 63 Days and 7.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The incidence of end-stage liver disease and its associated mortality have increased substantially in recent years, with liver transplantation remaining the sole definitive therapeutic intervention for affected patients. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is implicated strongly in early allograft dysfunction (EAD), increased postoperative complications, and unfavorable long-term prognoses. It affects nearly all grafts to varying extents, with the severity of injury being correlated with elevated morbidity, primary graft dysfunction, and potential graft loss. The prevention and immediate recognition of EAD, along with a thorough understanding of its pathophysiological processes, are crucial for optimal transplant function.