Navigating the landscape of liver transplantation in neuroendocrine tumors: A comprehensive scoping review

doi:10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.114278

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World Journal of Transplantation

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2220-3230

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Transplant. Jun 18, 2026; 16(2): 114278
Published online Jun 18, 2026. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v16.i2.114278

Navigating the landscape of liver transplantation in neuroendocrine tumors: A comprehensive scoping review

Leonardo Kasputis Zanini, Eduarda Costa Oliveira, Fabrício Inácio de Moraes Nascimento, Lucas Souto Nacif

Leonardo Kasputis Zanini, Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil

Eduarda Costa Oliveira, Fabrício Inácio de Moraes Nascimento, Lucas Souto Nacif, Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo 01409-002, Brazil

Co-first authors: Leonardo Kasputis Zanini and Eduarda Costa Oliveira.

Author contributions: Zanini LK and Nacif LS contributed to conceptualization, data interpretation and they are contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors; Oliveira EC, Nascimento FIM, and Nacif LS contributed to critical revision of the manuscript; Zanini LK contributed to literature review and drafting of the manuscript; Oliveira EC contributed to Data collection; Nascimento FIM contribution to the final version of the manuscript; Nacif LS contributed to supervision, and approval of the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.

Corresponding author: Lucas Souto Nacif, Chief, Researcher, Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant, Hospital 9 de Julho, Peixoto Gomide Street, 645-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01409-002, Brazil. lucasnacif11@gmail.com

Received: September 16, 2025
Revised: October 19, 2025
Accepted: February 3, 2026
Published online: June 18, 2026
Processing time: 255 Days and 11.5 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Liver transplantation is an established but uncommon treatment for patients with unresectable liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. This scoping review mapped the available evidence, identifying 73 studies (case series, retrospective cohorts, and reviews). Reported outcomes suggest improved overall survival in selected patients compared to non-transplant strategies, although data heterogeneity and the lack of high-level evidence limit definitive conclusions. Our findings highlight the need for prospective, multicenter studies and standardized selection criteria to optimize patient outcomes and better define the role of transplantation in this setting.