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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transplant. Dec 18, 2025; 15(4): 108791
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i4.108791
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i4.108791
Chronic kidney disease at one year after liver transplantation: Role of changes in immunosuppression over three decades
Alejandro Muñoz-Serrano, Andrea Gutiérrez-Villanueva, Víctor Moreno-Torres, Natalia Vicente, Valentín Cuervas-Mons, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
María Jesús Citores, Laboratorio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda 28222, Madrid, Spain
Víctor Moreno-Torres, Health Sciences School and Medical Center, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Pozuelo de Alarcón 28224, Madrid, Spain
Jorge V López-Ibor, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid 28006, Madrid, Spain
Valentín Cuervas-Mons, Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Madrid, Spain
Co-first authors: Alejandro Muñoz-Serrano and María Jesús Citores.
Author contributions: Muñoz-Serrano A, Citores MJ, and Cuervas-Mons V participated in the conception and design of the study; Muñoz-Serrano A, Gutiérrez-Villanueva A, Moreno-Torres V were involved in the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of the data; Citores MJ conducted the statistical analyses, verified the study data; Muñoz-Serrano A and Citores MJ contributed equally in the design of the study, interpretation of the data, and writing of the manuscript, underlying their merit as co-first authors; all authors critically reviewed and provided final approval of the manuscript and were responsible for the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Institutional review board statement: Ethical approval for this study (Ethical Committee No. 20/16) was provided by the Ethical Committee of our hospital on 19 December 2016. All research was conducted in accordance with the Declarations of both Helsinki and Istanbul.
Informed consent statement: The need for patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: María Jesús Citores, Laboratorio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Uni
Received: May 12, 2025
Revised: June 17, 2025
Accepted: September 18, 2025
Published online: December 18, 2025
Processing time: 192 Days and 16.8 Hours
Revised: June 17, 2025
Accepted: September 18, 2025
Published online: December 18, 2025
Processing time: 192 Days and 16.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This retrospective study evaluated how changes in initial immunosuppression patterns over three decades have affected the evolution of kidney function in the first year after liver transplantation. The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was higher among patients treated with cyclosporine than those treated with tacrolimus (Tac). Addition of basiliximab and mycophenolic acid to the treatment regimen reduced the incidence of CKD in the first year. Elevated Tac blood levels led to acute renal dysfunction at 1 month post-transplant; however, its role in the development of CKD at 1 year post-transplant is less clear, and other non-dose-dependent mechanisms may be involved.