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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Transplant. Sep 18, 2025; 15(3): 101518
Published online Sep 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101518
Published online Sep 18, 2025. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v15.i3.101518
Implementation of an opioid-sparing protocol utilizing liposomal bupivacaine and intravenous ketorolac for pain management after living kidney donation
Kevin Ly, Adam Diamond, Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
Antonio Di Carlo, Sunil S Karhadkar, Kenneth Chavin, Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
Francesca Graziano, Kelley Maberry, Nicole Sifontis, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
Daohai Yu, Xiaoning Lu, Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Phila
Author contributions: Ly K performed data collection and quality control, performed bulk of background research for manuscript preparation, wrote manuscript, and participated in the care of patients reviewed; Di Carlo A, Karhadkar SS, and Chavin K performed the surgeries in the patients who were included in these reviewers. Led in or assisted in writing the pain management protocol which was subject to reviewer; Graziano F, Maberry K Performed data collection for patients included in review. Provided assistance with background research; Sifontis N reviewed IRB and manuscript. Provided feedback; Yu D and Lu X performed statistical analysis and wrote statistical section(s) of abstract and manuscript; Diamond A pharmacy lead for writing of pain management protocol which was subject to review. Participated in care of patients reviewed.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Temple University.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study and the analysis used anonymous clinical data. A waiver of HIPAA authorization was obtained from the institutional review board prior to any data collection or manuscript construction which the authors are able to produce if requested.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No authors have any relevant conflicts of interest which require disclosure.
Data sharing statement: Please contact corresponding author if any further discussion of de-identified data is required.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Kevin Ly, PharmD, Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
Received: September 17, 2024
Revised: February 23, 2025
Accepted: March 12, 2025
Published online: September 18, 2025
Processing time: 212 Days and 19.3 Hours
Revised: February 23, 2025
Accepted: March 12, 2025
Published online: September 18, 2025
Processing time: 212 Days and 19.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Opioids are commonly used for management of post-operative pain in living kidney donors. Reducing exposure to opioids is desirable to minimize risk of dependence and potential side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation which may delay discharge. Liposomal bupivacaine, ketorolac, and scheduled acetaminophen have all demonstrated efficacy for management of post-operative pain in this population. The purpose of this retrospective chart review study is to assess the efficacy and safety of an opioid-sparing protocol utilizing a multimodal pain management approach in living kidney donors post-nephrectomy.