Gwinner W, Metzger J, Husi H, Marx D. Proteomics for rejection diagnosis in renal transplant patients: Where are we now? World J Transplant 2016; 6(1): 28-41 [PMID: 27011903 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.28]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Wilfried Gwinner, MD, Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. gwinner.wilfried@mh-hannover.de
Research Domain of This Article
Transplantation
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Holger Husi, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
David Marx, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Transplantation Rénale, 67091 Strasbourg, France
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to this paper with conception, literature review and analysis, drafting, critical revision and editing, and approval of the final version.
Supported by The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, No. GW 4/6-1.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflict of interest for Wilfried Gwinner, Holger Husi and David Marx; Jochen Metzger is an employee of Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH which offers services in protein analysis.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Wilfried Gwinner, MD, Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. gwinner.wilfried@mh-hannover.de
Telephone: +49-511-5326320 Fax: +49-511-552366
Received: August 14, 2015 Peer-review started: August 15, 2015 First decision: September 28, 2015 Revised: December 14, 2015 Accepted: January 5, 2016 Article in press: January 7, 2016 Published online: March 24, 2016 Processing time: 216 Days and 23.8 Hours
Abstract
Rejection is one of the key factors that determine the long-term allograft function and survival in renal transplant patients. Reliable and timely diagnosis is important to treat rejection as early as possible. Allograft biopsies are not suitable for continuous monitoring of rejection. Thus, there is an unmet need for non-invasive methods to diagnose acute and chronic rejection. Proteomics in urine and blood samples has been explored for this purpose in 29 studies conducted since 2003. This review describes the different proteomic approaches and summarizes the results from the studies that examined proteomics for the rejection diagnoses. The potential limitations and open questions in establishing proteomic markers for rejection are discussed, including ongoing trials and future challenges to this topic.
Core tip: Timely detection and treatment of acute and chronic rejection is important to maintain the allograft function in renal transplant patients. Allograft biopsies are unsuitable for continuous monitoring for rejection. This review summarizes the past experience with proteomic approaches to diagnose rejection non-invasively. Potential limitations and open questions in establishing proteomic markers for rejection are discussed, including ongoing trials and future challenges to this topic.
