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Marcantonio TL, Jozkowski KN, Williams M. How Do College Students Perceive Their Partner Responds to Them When They Refuse Sexual Activity? Violence Against Women 2025; 31:1630-1647. [PMID: 38380898 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241232999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Refusal communication is a dyadic process, with one person communicating a refusal and another person responding. To enhance our understanding of this process, we surveyed college students to assess their interpretation of their partners' responses when they declined vaginal-penile sexual activity. In an online survey, participants were prompted to describe their partners' reactions when participants refused their partner's vaginal-penile sex initiation. Through content analysis, three themes were present: (1) partner accepted the refusal, (2) partner experienced negative emotions, (3) partner ignored their refusals. Participants frequently reported their refusals were accepted. Sexual assault prevention initiatives should work to normalize refusal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen N Jozkowski
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Megan Williams
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Hou R, Wang X, Zhang W, Song Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Liu J, Ruan T. Decision Tree Extraction for Clinical Decision Support System With If-Else Pseudocode and PlanSelect Strategy. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2025; 29:3642-3653. [PMID: 40030896 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2025.3529682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Decision trees, as a structured representation of medical knowledge, are critical resources for building clinical decision support systems. Their structured decision pathways can be used for retrieval to enhance clinical decision making. Currently, mainstream methods mainly utilize large language models and in-context learning for decision tree extraction. However, these methods often face challenges in understanding the structure of decision trees and accurately extracting the complete content of tree nodes, leading to noise in the extracted trees and ultimately impacting their effectiveness in clinical decision support system. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel decision tree extraction framework, including two stages. In the first stage, we propose to use the If-Else pseudocode to represent the decision tree structure and design specific constraints on format and content to guide the LLM in generating outputs. In the second stage, we introduce a novel node-filling strategy called PlanSelect to match the extracted triplets with sub-sentences in the generated pseudocode, including four reasoning steps: observation, plan, action, and answer. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we construct an English decision tree extraction dataset (EMDT) and conduct extensive experiments on the built and public datasets. Experiments on the Text2DT and EMDT datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches, achieving improvements of 1.37% and 1.54% on the $ER$ metric (which is lower is better), respectively. Furthermore, we use the medical decision trees extracted using our framework to improve the model's performance on clinical decision making tasks, i.e., CMB-Clin and MedQA.
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Dellafiore F, Guardamagna L, Milani M, Casole L, Modena G, Diamanti O, Servi P, Trenta A, Nania T. Self-care in patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD): A systematic review. Appl Nurs Res 2025; 82:151929. [PMID: 40086934 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care is essential for patient with chronic conditions such as heart failure. Self-care facilitates adaptation in patients with a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD), improving their outcomes and preventing complications. Currently, no studies provide an overview of self-care in people with LVADs. OBJECTIVE The present literature review aims to summarize the current scientific evidence relating to self-care behaviors in this population. METHODS A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. The databases consulted were Medline, Scopus, and CHINAL, and free research was performed on Google Scholar. The review included all the articles whose titles, abstracts, and text were considered relevant to the research purpose. The PRISMA flowchart was used to choose all the appropriate studies, and the final sample was deemed pertinent to the SPIDER methodology. Finally, the studies were subjected to a critical assessment of the methodological quality. RESULTS Of the 487 studies initially identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. This review provides a comprehensive overview of self-care behaviors in LVAD patients across all dimensions of self-care: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care Confidence. Findings indicate that self-care positively influences LVAD patients by facilitating adaptation to the device and enhancing quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Self-care is crucial in LVAD patients, facilitating their adaptation and improving their outcomes. Health education focused on self-care appears particularly relevant in this population, but a more in-depth investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dellafiore
- Department of Life Health Sciences and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Roma, Italy.
| | - Luca Guardamagna
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano S.p.A., Pavia, Italy
| | - Morgana Milani
- Department of Emergency, IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casole
- Integrated Home Care and Home Palliative Care Units, Fondazione Conte Franco Cella di Rivara Onlus, Broni, PV, Italy
| | - Gloria Modena
- Welfare Services Area, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Orejeta Diamanti
- Health Professions, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Servi
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Foundation IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Trenta
- Health Professions Direction Unit, Cardiology Centre Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nania
- Training Office, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milano, Italy
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Amlie T, Dalum A, Stormoen M, Evensen Ø. Assessment of a semiquantitative scoring system for mild-to-moderate gill lesions in Atlantic salmon reared in recirculating aquaculture systems in Norway. J Vet Diagn Invest 2025; 37:252-262. [PMID: 39876026 PMCID: PMC11775946 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241310900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Compromised gill health is a critical cause of forfeited welfare in Atlantic salmon farming. Detecting and quantifying the early onset of gill disease is important to reveal initial inflicting stimuli. We collected gill samples of 45 Atlantic salmon from 2 commercial recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) spanning fry-to-market-size fish with no clinical signs of gill disease. Gill samples were assessed histologically by 3 independent raters with different levels of experience. Semiquantitative scoring for 7 types of gill changes was carried out for 10 filaments per gill (450 filaments total) over 3 rounds on anonymized samples. Scores were summarized for each type of gill change. The assumed clinical relevance for each change was transformed into a category score, followed by an assessment of agreement within (intra) and between (inter) raters. A generalized linear model estimated the difference in score levels between raters. For each rater, intra-rater agreement was high for 6 gill changes and moderate for 1 gill change. Inter-rater agreement was moderate to almost-perfect, except for 2 gill changes; generalized linear model regression revealed systematic differences in score usage between the raters. Our scoring protocol worked satisfactorily for mucous cell amount, lamellar clubbing, lamellar hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, and aneurysms, despite different levels of expertise in histologic evaluation. Intra-rater agreement was consistent, but differences existed for interlamellar hypercellularity, lamellar inflammation, and degeneration. Scoring subclinical gill changes is a challenge, and our scoring system for mild-to-moderate lesions may enable early intervention to limit the detrimental effects of poor gill health in RAS farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Amlie
- Åkerblå, Sistranda, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ås, Norway
| | - Alf Dalum
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit Stormoen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ås, Norway
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Hughes J. Bayesian Gower agreement for categorical data. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6568. [PMID: 39994317 PMCID: PMC11850839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025] Open
Abstract
In this work I present two methods for measuring agreement in nominal and ordinal data. The measures, which employ Gower-type distances, are simple, intuitive, and easy to compute for any number of units and any number of coders. Influential units and/or coders are easily identified. I consider both one-way and two-way random sampling designs, and develop an approach to Bayesian inference for each. I apply the methods to simulated data and to two real datasets, the first from a one-way radiological study of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and the second from a two-way study of psychiatric diagnosis. Finally, I consider agreement scales and suggest that Gaussian mutual information can perhaps provide a scale that is more useful than the scale most commonly used. The methods I propose are supported by my open source R package, goweragreement, which is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hughes
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
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Geijer M, Båth M, Wessman C. Some common statistical methods for assessing rater agreement in radiological studies. Acta Radiol 2025:2841851251319666. [PMID: 39988909 DOI: 10.1177/02841851251319666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
Rater agreement is commonly assessed in radiologic studies concerning image quality. There are several methods of measuring rater agreement. To choose the appropriate method, the researcher needs to consider the scale of the outcome variable and the design of the study. This article provides a brief overview of available methods, focusing on the most practical and commonly used, including intraclass correlation, the Svensson method, variants of the kappa statistic, the agreement coefficient by Gwet (AC1/AC2), and Krippendorff's alpha. Additional methods that are not primarily intended for rater agreement analysis but are applied in some cases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Geijer
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Båth
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catrin Wessman
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Joshi S, Ha E, Amaya A, Mendoza M, Rivera Y, Singh VK. Ensuring Accuracy and Equity in Vaccination Information From ChatGPT and CDC: Mixed-Methods Cross-Language Evaluation. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e60939. [PMID: 39476380 PMCID: PMC11561424 DOI: 10.2196/60939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the digital age, large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have emerged as important sources of health care information. Their interactive capabilities offer promise for enhancing health access, particularly for groups facing traditional barriers such as insurance and language constraints. Despite their growing public health use, with millions of medical queries processed weekly, the quality of LLM-provided information remains inconsistent. Previous studies have predominantly assessed ChatGPT's English responses, overlooking the needs of non-English speakers in the United States. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the quality and linguistic parity of vaccination information from ChatGPT and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), emphasizing health equity. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the quality and language equity of vaccination information provided by ChatGPT and the CDC in English and Spanish. It highlights the critical need for cross-language evaluation to ensure equitable health information access for all linguistic groups. METHODS We conducted a comparative analysis of ChatGPT's and CDC's responses to frequently asked vaccination-related questions in both languages. The evaluation encompassed quantitative and qualitative assessments of accuracy, readability, and understandability. Accuracy was gauged by the perceived level of misinformation; readability, by the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and readability score; and understandability, by items from the National Institutes of Health's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) instrument. RESULTS The study found that both ChatGPT and CDC provided mostly accurate and understandable (eg, scores over 95 out of 100) responses. However, Flesch-Kincaid grade levels often exceeded the American Medical Association's recommended levels, particularly in English (eg, average grade level in English for ChatGPT=12.84, Spanish=7.93, recommended=6). CDC responses outperformed ChatGPT in readability across both languages. Notably, some Spanish responses appeared to be direct translations from English, leading to unnatural phrasing. The findings underscore the potential and challenges of using ChatGPT for health care access. CONCLUSIONS ChatGPT holds potential as a health information resource but requires improvements in readability and linguistic equity to be truly effective for diverse populations. Crucially, the default user experience with ChatGPT, typically encountered by those without advanced language and prompting skills, can significantly shape health perceptions. This is vital from a public health standpoint, as the majority of users will interact with LLMs in their most accessible form. Ensuring that default responses are accurate, understandable, and equitable is imperative for fostering informed health decisions across diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saubhagya Joshi
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Eunbin Ha
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Andee Amaya
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Melissa Mendoza
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yonaira Rivera
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Vivek K Singh
- School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Lam EWF, Ip BPI. The prevalence of constipation in adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment at a regional public hospital in Hong Kong. Hum Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:e2897. [PMID: 38605548 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the occurrence of constipation in local patients on clozapine treatment, and to compare the demographical and clinical characteristics of patients on clozapine treatment with or without constipation. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, observational study. All adult psychiatric out-patients on clozapine treatment attending follow-up at a regional hospital were recruited for clinical interview and medical record review. The Enhanced Asian Rome III Questionnaire (EAR3Q) was used to define patients with constipation. The Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) was used to assess stool form. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored (BPRS-A) was used to measure psychiatric symptoms. The Brief Medication Adherence Scale (BMAS) was used to assess treatment adherence. Logistic regression was conducted to identify independent associating factors of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment. RESULTS The prevalence of constipation in patients on clozapine treatment was 26.3%, (95% CI [21.5%, 31.6%]). Independent associating factors included disorder of psychological development (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI [1.24, 39.18]), anxiety (very mild: aOR = 9.23, 95% CI [2.59, 32.87]; mild: aOR = 2.66, 95% CI [1.26, 5.62]), prescription with combination of laxatives (aOR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.17, 0.95]), and concomitant use of amisulpride (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI [1.09, 5.82]), quetiapine (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI [1.11, 31.56]) and metamucil (aOR = 9.30, 95% CI [1.53, 56.58]). CONCLUSION This study examined the prevalence of clozapine-associated constipation in Hong Kong using a validated questionnaire. The identification of independent factors associated with constipation could facilitate better risk stratification and risk modification in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wai-Fung Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Pak-In Ip
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Hye-Knudsen M, Kjeldgaard-Christiansen J, Boutwell BB, Clasen M. First They Scream, Then They Laugh: The Cognitive Intersections of Humor and Fear. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 22:14747049241258355. [PMID: 38840335 PMCID: PMC11155347 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241258355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
On the surface, fear and humor seem like polar opposite states of mind, yet throughout our lives they continually interact. In this paper, we synthesize neurobiological, psychological, and evolutionary research on fear and humor, arguing that the two are deeply connected. The evolutionary origins of humor reside in play, a medium through which animals benignly explore situations and practice strategies, such as fight or flight, which would normally be accompanied by fear. Cognitively, humor retains the structure of play. Adopting a view of humor as requiring two appraisals, a violation appraisal and a benign appraisal, we describe how fear-inducing stimuli can be rendered benignly humorous through contextual cues, psychological distance, reframing, and cognitive reappraisal. The antagonistic relationship between humor and fear in terms of their neurochemistry and physiological effects in turn makes humor ideal for managing fear in many circumstances. We review five real-world examples of humor and fear intersecting, presenting new data in support of our account along the way. Finally, we discuss the possible therapeutic relevance of the deep connection between humor and fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hye-Knudsen
- Cognition and Behavior Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Recreational Fear Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Kjeldgaard-Christiansen
- Recreational Fear Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of English, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian B. Boutwell
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mathias Clasen
- Recreational Fear Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of English, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Choudhury A, Elkefi S, Tounsi A. Exploring factors influencing user perspective of ChatGPT as a technology that assists in healthcare decision making: A cross sectional survey study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296151. [PMID: 38457373 PMCID: PMC10923482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As ChatGPT emerges as a potential ally in healthcare decision-making, it is imperative to investigate how users leverage and perceive it. The repurposing of technology is innovative but brings risks, especially since AI's effectiveness depends on the data it's fed. In healthcare, ChatGPT might provide sound advice based on current medical knowledge, which could turn into misinformation if its data sources later include erroneous information. Our study assesses user perceptions of ChatGPT, particularly of those who used ChatGPT for healthcare-related queries. By examining factors such as competence, reliability, transparency, trustworthiness, security, and persuasiveness of ChatGPT, the research aimed to understand how users rely on ChatGPT for health-related decision-making. A web-based survey was distributed to U.S. adults using ChatGPT at least once a month. Bayesian Linear Regression was used to understand how much ChatGPT aids in informed decision-making. This analysis was conducted on subsets of respondents, both those who used ChatGPT for healthcare decisions and those who did not. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis, with thematic coding to extract public opinions on urban environmental policies. Six hundred and seven individuals responded to the survey. Respondents were distributed across 306 US cities of which 20 participants were from rural cities. Of all the respondents, 44 used ChatGPT for health-related queries and decision-making. In the healthcare context, the most effective model highlights 'Competent + Trustworthy + ChatGPT for healthcare queries', underscoring the critical importance of perceived competence and trustworthiness specifically in the realm of healthcare applications of ChatGPT. On the other hand, the non-healthcare context reveals a broader spectrum of influential factors in its best model, which includes 'Trustworthy + Secure + Benefits outweigh risks + Satisfaction + Willing to take decisions + Intent to use + Persuasive'. In conclusion our study findings suggest a clear demarcation in user expectations and requirements from AI systems based on the context of their use. We advocate for a balanced approach where technological advancement and user readiness are harmonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Choudhury
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Safa Elkefi
- Columbia University School of Nursing, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Ackerhans S, Huynh T, Kaiser C, Schultz C. Exploring the role of professional identity in the implementation of clinical decision support systems-a narrative review. Implement Sci 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38347525 PMCID: PMC10860285 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-024-01339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) have the potential to improve quality of care, patient safety, and efficiency because of their ability to perform medical tasks in a more data-driven, evidence-based, and semi-autonomous way. However, CDSSs may also affect the professional identity of health professionals. Some professionals might experience these systems as a threat to their professional identity, as CDSSs could partially substitute clinical competencies, autonomy, or control over the care process. Other professionals may experience an empowerment of the role in the medical system. The purpose of this study is to uncover the role of professional identity in CDSS implementation and to identify core human, technological, and organizational factors that may determine the effect of CDSSs on professional identity. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review and included peer-reviewed empirical studies from two electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) that reported on key factors to CDSS implementation and were published between 2010 and 2023. Our explorative, inductive thematic analysis assessed the antecedents of professional identity-related mechanisms from the perspective of different health care professionals (i.e., physicians, residents, nurse practitioners, pharmacists). RESULTS One hundred thirty-one qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method studies from over 60 journals were included in this review. The thematic analysis found three dimensions of professional identity-related mechanisms that influence CDSS implementation success: perceived threat or enhancement of professional control and autonomy, perceived threat or enhancement of professional skills and expertise, and perceived loss or gain of control over patient relationships. At the technological level, the most common issues were the system's ability to fit into existing clinical workflows and organizational structures, and its ability to meet user needs. At the organizational level, time pressure and tension, as well as internal communication and involvement of end users were most frequently reported. At the human level, individual attitudes and emotional responses, as well as familiarity with the system, most often influenced the CDSS implementation. Our results show that professional identity-related mechanisms are driven by these factors and influence CDSS implementation success. The perception of the change of professional identity is influenced by the user's professional status and expertise and is improved over the course of implementation. CONCLUSION This review highlights the need for health care managers to evaluate perceived professional identity threats to health care professionals across all implementation phases when introducing a CDSS and to consider their varying manifestations among different health care professionals. Moreover, it highlights the importance of innovation and change management approaches, such as involving health professionals in the design and implementation process to mitigate threat perceptions. We provide future areas of research for the evaluation of the professional identity construct within health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ackerhans
- Kiel Institute for Responsible Innovation, University of Kiel, Westring 425, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thomas Huynh
- Kiel Institute for Responsible Innovation, University of Kiel, Westring 425, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Kaiser
- Kiel Institute for Responsible Innovation, University of Kiel, Westring 425, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Kiel Institute for Responsible Innovation, University of Kiel, Westring 425, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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Jeyaprakash P, Mikhail P, Ford TJ, Pathan F, Berry C, Negishi K. Index of Microcirculatory Resistance to predict microvascular obstruction in STEMI: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 103:249-259. [PMID: 38179600 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is an independent predictor of adverse cardiac events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) may be a useful marker of MVO, which could simplify the care pathway without the need for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR). We assessed whether the IMR can predict MVO in STEMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, including articles where invasive IMR was performed post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in addition to MVO assessment with cardiac MRI. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception until January 2023. Baseline characteristics, coronary physiology and cardiac MRI data were extracted by two independent reviewers. The random-effects model was used to pool the data. Among 15 articles identified, nine articles (n = 728, mean age 61, 81% male) contained IMR data stratified by MVO. Patients with MVO had a mean IMR of 41.2 [95% CI 32.4-50.4], compared to 25.3 [18.3-32.2] for those without. The difference in IMR between those with and without MVO was 15.1 [9.7-20.6]. Meta-regression analyses demonstrated a linear relationship between IMR and TIMI grade (β = 0.69 [0.13-1.26]), as well as infarct size (β = 1.18 [0.24-2.11]) or ejection fraction at 6 months (β = -0.18 [-0.35 to -0.01]). CONCLUSION In STEMI, patients with MVO had 15-unit higher IMR than those without. IMR also predicts key prognostic endpoints such as infarct size, MVO, and long-term systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajith Jeyaprakash
- Department of Cardiology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philopatir Mikhail
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Faraz Pathan
- Department of Cardiology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin Berry
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Demirci AN, İncebay Ö, Köse A. Evaluation of quality and readability of internet information on voice disorders. Public Health 2024; 226:1-7. [PMID: 37979233 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readability and quality of Internet information related to vocal health, voice disorders and voice therapy. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS Eighty-two websites were included. Websites were then analyzed; their origin (clinic/hospital, non-profit, government), quality (Health On the Net [HON] certification and DISCERN scores) and readability (Ateşman readability formula and Bezirci-Yılmaz new readability formula) were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to examine differences between website origin and quality and readability scores and correlations between readability instruments. RESULTS Of the 82 websites, 93% were of private clinic/hospital, 6% were of non-profit organisation and 1% were of government. None of the 82 websites were HON certification, and the mean score of the item determining the general quality measure in DISCERN was 1.83 in a five-point scale. The mean of Ateşman readability formula value was calculated as 50.46 (±8.16). This value is defined as 'moderately hard' according to the readability scale. The average of Bezirci-Yılmaz new readability formula value is 13.85 (±3.48). This value is defined as 13th and 14th grade. CONCLUSIONS The quality of Internet-based health information about the voice is generally inadequate, and the sites examined in this study may be limited due to high readability levels. This may be a problem in people with poor literacy skills. For this reason, it is very important for speech and language therapists and other health professionals to evaluate and monitor the quality and readability of Internet-based information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Demirci
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ö İncebay
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Köse
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Zee J, Mariani L, Barisoni L, Mahajan P, Gillespie B. A novel agreement statistic using data on uncertainty in ratings. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2023; 72:1293-1309. [PMID: 38389563 PMCID: PMC10881211 DOI: 10.1093/jrsssc/qlad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Many existing methods for estimating agreement correct for chance agreement by adjusting the observed proportion agreement by the probability of chance agreement based on different assumptions. These assumptions may not always be appropriate, as demonstrated by pathologists' ratings of kidney biopsy descriptors. We propose a novel agreement statistic that accounts for the empirical probability of chance agreement, estimated by collecting additional data on rater uncertainty for each rating. A standard error estimator for the proposed statistic is derived. Simulation studies show that in most cases, our proposed statistic is unbiased in estimating the probability of agreement after removing chance agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarcy Zee
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Mariani
- University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Duke University, Department of Pathology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parag Mahajan
- University of Delaware, Department of Economics, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Brenda Gillespie
- University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Hummelsberger P, Koch TK, Rauh S, Dorn J, Lermer E, Raue M, Hudecek MFC, Schicho A, Colak E, Ghassemi M, Gaube S. Insights on the Current State and Future Outlook of AI in Health Care: Expert Interview Study. JMIR AI 2023; 2:e47353. [PMID: 38875571 PMCID: PMC11041415 DOI: 10.2196/47353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is often promoted as a potential solution for many challenges health care systems face worldwide. However, its implementation in clinical practice lags behind its technological development. OBJECTIVE This study aims to gain insights into the current state and prospects of AI technology from the stakeholders most directly involved in its adoption in the health care sector whose perspectives have received limited attention in research to date. METHODS For this purpose, the perspectives of AI researchers and health care IT professionals in North America and Western Europe were collected and compared for profession-specific and regional differences. In this preregistered, mixed methods, cross-sectional study, 23 experts were interviewed using a semistructured guide. Data from the interviews were analyzed using deductive and inductive qualitative methods for the thematic analysis along with topic modeling to identify latent topics. RESULTS Through our thematic analysis, four major categories emerged: (1) the current state of AI systems in health care, (2) the criteria and requirements for implementing AI systems in health care, (3) the challenges in implementing AI systems in health care, and (4) the prospects of the technology. Experts discussed the capabilities and limitations of current AI systems in health care in addition to their prevalence and regional differences. Several criteria and requirements deemed necessary for the successful implementation of AI systems were identified, including the technology's performance and security, smooth system integration and human-AI interaction, costs, stakeholder involvement, and employee training. However, regulatory, logistical, and technical issues were identified as the most critical barriers to an effective technology implementation process. In the future, our experts predicted both various threats and many opportunities related to AI technology in the health care sector. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides new insights into the current state, criteria, challenges, and outlook for implementing AI technology in health care from the perspective of AI researchers and IT professionals in North America and Western Europe. For the full potential of AI-enabled technologies to be exploited and for them to contribute to solving current health care challenges, critical implementation criteria must be met, and all groups involved in the process must work together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hummelsberger
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo K Koch
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rauh
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dorn
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Lermer
- LMU Center for Leadership and People Management, Department of Psychology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Business Psychology, Technical University of Applied Sciences Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Raue
- MIT AgeLab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matthias F C Hudecek
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schicho
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Errol Colak
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marzyeh Ghassemi
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Gaube
- UCL Global Business School for Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Silveira PSP, Siqueira JO. Better to be in agreement than in bad company : A critical analysis of many kappa-like tests. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:3326-3347. [PMID: 36114386 PMCID: PMC10615996 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We assessed several agreement coefficients applied in 2x2 contingency tables, which are commonly applied in research due to dichotomization. Here, we not only studied some specific estimators but also developed a general method for the study of any estimator candidate to be an agreement measurement. This method was developed in open-source R codes and it is available to the researchers. We tested this method by verifying the performance of several traditional estimators over all possible configurations with sizes ranging from 1 to 68 (total of 1,028,789 tables). Cohen's kappa showed handicapped behavior similar to Pearson's r, Yule's Q, and Yule's Y. Scott's pi, and Shankar and Bangdiwala's B seem to better assess situations of disagreement than agreement between raters. Krippendorff's alpha emulates, without any advantage, Scott's pi in cases with nominal variables and two raters. Dice's F1 and McNemar's chi-squared incompletely assess the information of the contingency table, showing the poorest performance among all. We concluded that Cohen's kappa is a measurement of association and McNemar's chi-squared assess neither association nor agreement; the only two authentic agreement estimators are Holley and Guilford's G and Gwet's AC1. The latter two estimators also showed the best performance over the range of table sizes and should be considered as the first choices for agreement measurement in contingency 2x2 tables. All procedures and data were implemented in R and are available to download from Harvard Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HMYTCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sergio Panse Silveira
- Department of Pathology (LIM01-HCFMUSP), Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 1103, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Bioethics, Occupational Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 1103, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jose Oliveira Siqueira
- Department of Legal Medicine, Bioethics, Occupational Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 1103, Sao Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
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17
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Karki R, Gadiya Y, Gribbon P, Zaliani A. Pharmacophore-Based Machine Learning Model To Predict Ligand Selectivity for E3 Ligase Binders. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30177-30185. [PMID: 37636935 PMCID: PMC10448689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
E3 ligases are enzymes that play a critical role in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and are involved in various cellular processes. Pharmacophore analysis is a useful approach for predicting E3 ligase binding selectivity, which involves identifying key chemical features necessary for a ligand to interact with a specific protein target cavity. While pharmacophore analysis is not always sufficient to accurately predict ligand binding affinity, it can be a valuable tool for filtering and/or designing focused libraries for screening campaigns. In this study, we present a fast and an inexpensive approach using a pharmacophore fingerprinting scheme known as ErG, which is used in a multi-class machine learning classification model. This model can assign the correct E3 ligase binder to its known E3 ligase and predict the probability of each molecule to bind to different E3 ligases. Practical applications of this approach are demonstrated on commercial libraries such as Asinex for the rational design of E3 ligase binders. The scripts and data associated with this study can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/Fraunhofer-ITMP/E3_binder_Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagon Karki
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yojana Gadiya
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen
International Center for Information Technology (B-IT), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer
Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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18
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van Oest R. The Dependence of Chance-Corrected Weighted Agreement Coefficients on the Power Parameter of the Weighting Scheme: Analysis and Measurement. PSYCHOMETRIKA 2023; 88:554-579. [PMID: 36066789 PMCID: PMC10188398 DOI: 10.1007/s11336-022-09881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We consider the dependence of a broad class of chance-corrected weighted agreement coefficients on the weighting scheme that penalizes rater disagreements. The considered class encompasses many existing coefficients with any number of raters, and one real-valued power parameter defines the weighting scheme that includes linear, quadratic, identity, and radical weights. We obtain the first-order and second-order derivatives of the coefficients with respect to the power parameter and decompose them into components corresponding to all pairs of different category distances. Each component compares its two distances in terms of the ratio of observed to expected-by-chance frequency. A larger ratio for the smaller distance than the larger distance contributes to a positive relationship between the power parameter and the coefficient value; the opposite contributes to a negative relationship. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the coefficient value to increase or decrease and the relationship to intensify or weaken as the power parameter increases. We use the first-order and second-order derivatives for corresponding measurement. Furthermore, we show how these two derivatives allow other researchers to obtain quite accurate estimates of the coefficient value for unreported values of the power parameter, even without access to the original data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger van Oest
- Department of Marketing, BI Norwegian Business School, Nydalsveien 37, 0484, Oslo, Norway.
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19
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Maier CB, Winkelmann J, Pfirter L, Williams GA. Skill-Mix Changes Targeting Health Promotion and Prevention Interventions and Effects on Outcomes in all Settings (Except Hospitals): Overview of Reviews. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605448. [PMID: 37228895 PMCID: PMC10203245 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Skill-mix changes to step up health promotion and prevention are increasing, but there is limited evidence on their effects. Methods: Overview of reviews, based on a protocol. The search was carried out in six databases, screening was performed ensuring high interrater reliability. All countries, health professions and lay workers in all settings (except hospitals) were included, quality appraisals performed. Results: A total of 31 systematic reviews were included. Expanded roles performing outreach (e.g., home visits) had mostly positive effects on access and health outcomes, primarily for hard-to-reach groups. Task-shifting in colorectal or skin cancer screenings (performed by advanced practice nurses) were suggested effective; supporting roles (by community health workers) increased uptake in screenings, but based on limited evidence. Expanded roles of various professions focusing on lifestyle modification showed promising effects in most reviews, including weight, diet, smoking cessation and physical activity. Reviews on cost-effectiveness were based on limited evidence. Conclusion: Promising skill-mix changes included expanded roles providing lifestyle modifying interventions, task-shifting, and outreach roles for hard-to-reach groups, whereas evidence on costs was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bettina Maier
- Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Pfirter
- Department of Health Care Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Williams
- European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
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20
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D’Andrea Martínez P, Peoples LQ, Martin J. Becoming Culturally Responsive: Equitable and Inequitable Translations of CRE Theory into Teaching Practice. THE URBAN REVIEW 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37363290 PMCID: PMC10156075 DOI: 10.1007/s11256-023-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Research on Culturally Responsive Education (CRE) to date has mostly focused on identifying the aspects of education that already work for Black, Indigenous, and Students of Color. Building on this important literature base, this qualitative study examines the implementation, rather than the identification, of CRE practices. The seven New York City public schools that participated in the study were making school-wide changes for CRE as part of a program for Competency-Based Education (CBE) for personalizing learning for students. Both CRE and CBE are employed in schools to address common issues associated with educational inequities such as irrelevant lessons, teacher biases, one-size-fits-all instruction, and systemic racism. Based on interviews with teachers at the study schools, our findings demonstrated that teachers translated CRE theory into their CBE practice in three key ways: (1) deficit practices, where instructional choices were treated as neutral; (2) access practices, where instruction was differentiated but was not culturally responsive; and (3) transformative practices, where student agency challenged traditional structures. We argue that for schools and educators to meaningfully grapple with the issues of power they seek to address by engaging in CRE, they must embrace and nurture a more radical CRE imagination that leads to deeper school transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D’Andrea Martínez
- Department of Teaching and Learning, The Metropolitan Center for Research on Equity and the Transformation of Schools, New York University, New York, NY USA
- Present Address: New York, USA
| | | | - Jeremy Martin
- School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
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21
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Grieve A, Ta B, Ross B. Placement educators' perspectives of international social work students' sociopragmatic communication skills. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2023; 28:347-368. [PMID: 35980516 PMCID: PMC9387418 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
International students who speak English as an additional language report experiencing communication issues while completing their studies and work-integrated learning placements in a range of Anglophone countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Australia. To address this issue, accreditation and registration bodies for a number of health professions, such as social work and nursing, have advocated for increasing the test score requirements for university English language entry. However, from a sociolinguistic perspective, decisions concerning ways to address communication challenges need to take into account the unique communication skills required for functioning in specific workplace settings. It is therefore essential to identify the types of communication issues occurring during work-integrated learning opportunities (e.g. placement) and to then assess whether these should be addressed by raising general English proficiency or providing structured learning opportunities for profession-specific communication development within the course content. The present study uses sociolinguistic theory to examine placement educators' perspectives on international students' communication issues using the context of social work placement. It draws on the thematic analysis of interviews with 15 placement educators in Australia. One major finding is that international students' general proficiency or ability to use specific linguistic tools (pragmalinguistic competence) is not a key area of concern for educators. The main challenge seems to involve the students' understanding of sociocultural norms underlying workplace communication (sociopragmatic competence). This finding suggests that, rather than increasing English language entry requirements, universities need to provide international students opportunities to develop their sociopragmatic competence both before and during placement. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations aimed at supporting international students who speak English as an additional language to develop their workplace communication during their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Averil Grieve
- Student Academic Support Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Caulfield, Australia.
| | - Binh Ta
- Student Academic Support Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Caulfield, Australia
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22
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Marcantonio TL, Hunt ME, Schisler E. Assessing Sorority Women's Perceptions of Barriers to Reporting Sexual Assaults That Occur Within College Campus Greek Organizations. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2023; 32:359-378. [PMID: 36912376 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2023.2189195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Involvement in college campus Greek organizations is associated with an elevated risk of experiencing sexual assault victimization. Experiencing sexual assault victimizaiton is associated with myriad of consequences that could be mitigated by reporting the experience to friends, campus authorities, or police, yet researchers' understanding of reasons why women participating in Greek organizations do not report sexual assaults committed by a fraternity member is understudied. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess perceived barriers to reporting a sexual assault committed by a member of a fraternity. Women associated with Greek organizations from two large universities in the south and southwestern region of the US (n = 235) completed an online survey about sexual assault. Participants were asked to describe why they thought women assaulted by a fraternity member would not report their experience. An inductive and deductive coding process suggested women perceived barriers to reporting across intrapersonal (e.g. feeling afraid/shame), interpersonal (e.g. sorority sisters would ostracize them), organizational (e.g. reporting would jeopardize Greek life), community (e.g. reporting on campus/police is challenging) and societal levels (e.g. victim blame culture). Findings suggest larger socio-cultural factors may influence whether women would report a sexual assault committed by a fraternity member. Collaboration between Greek organizations, campus Fraternity and Sorority advisors, and sexual assault prevention advocates could help to provide a supportive environment for women when sexual assaults occur.
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Hennessy M, Bleakley A, Ellithorpe ME. Evaluating and Tracking Qualitative Content Coder Performance Using Item Response Theory. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2023; 57:1231-1245. [PMID: 38046942 PMCID: PMC10691860 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Content analysis of traditional and social media has a central role in investigating features of media content, measuring media exposure, and calculating calculation of media effects. The reliability of content coding is usually evaluated using "Kappa-like" agreement measures, but these measures produce results that aggregate individual coder decisions, which obscure the performance of individual coders. Using a data set of 105 advertisements for sports and energy drinks media content coded by five coders, we demonstrate that Item Response Theory can track coder performance over time and give coder-specific information on the consistency of decisions over qualitatively coded objects. We conclude that IRT should be added to content analysts' tool kit of useful methodologies to track and measure content coders' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hennessy
- University of Delaware, Department of Communication, 250 Pearson Hall, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Amy Bleakley
- University of Delaware, Department of Communication, 250 Pearson Hall, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Morgan E Ellithorpe
- University of Delaware, Department of Communication, 250 Pearson Hall, Newark, DE 19716
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24
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Harris MT, Rogers WA. Developing a Healthcare Technology Acceptance Model (H-TAM) for Older Adults with Hypertension. AGEING & SOCIETY 2023; 43:814-834. [PMID: 37007645 PMCID: PMC10062492 DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Older adults with a chronic health condition (e.g., hypertension) use various self-management methods. Healthcare technologies have the potential to support health self-management. However, it is necessary to understand the acceptance of these technologies as a precursor to older adults' adoption and integration into their health plan. Our focus was on the factors older adults with hypertension initially consider when introduced to three new healthcare technologies that might support their health self-management. We compared their considerations for a blood pressure monitor, an electronic pillbox, and a multifunction robot to simulate incrementally more complex technologies. Twenty-three participants (aged 65-84) completed four questionnaires and a semi-structured interview. The interview transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. We identified the factors that were frequently mentioned among the participants for each of the three healthcare technologies. The factors that older adults initially considered were familiarity, perceived benefits, perceived ease of use, perceived need for oneself, relative advantage, complexity, and perceived need for others. Upon further reflection, participants considered advice acceptance, compatibility, convenience, facilitating conditions, perceived usefulness, privacy, subjective norm, and trust. We integrated the factors that older adults considered into the Healthcare Technology Acceptance Model (H-TAM), which elucidates the complexity of healthcare technology acceptance and provides guidance for future explorations.
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25
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Cornfield J, Odinga H, Kermani J, Theall KP, Chaparro MP. Enablers and Barriers of Community Garden Use in New Orleans, Louisiana: An Environmental Assessment and Qualitative Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:356-365. [PMID: 36202219 PMCID: PMC11893211 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221131710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore factors associated with community garden use. APPROACH Environmental assessment of community gardens and semi-structured interviews. SETTING New Orleans, Louisiana. PARTICIPANTS 10 community gardens (environmental assessment), 20 community members (including garden users and non-users) and garden administrators (qualitative interviews). METHOD Gardens were assessed based on (1) accessibility, (2) information, (3) design, (4) cleanliness, (5) walkability, (6) parking, and (7) noise. Semi-structured interviews took place over Zoom; transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Gardens assessed in the environmental assessment ranked high in design and cleanliness but low on accessibility and information availability. Salient themes from the qualitative interviews include skill-building, access to fresh foods, and increased social engagement as enablers of community garden participation, with availability of information and time as both potential enablers of, or barriers to, participation. Community members perceived that gardens could increase fresh food access, while administrators believed that it is not possible for community gardens to produce enough food to create community-wide impact, highlighting instead the importance of the social aspects of the garden as beneficial for health. CONCLUSION Community gardens should improve garden physical accessibility and information availability to incentivize use. Community gardens are valued as means for skill-building and social engagement. Future research should prioritize investigating the association between the social aspects of participating in community gardens and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cornfield
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSPH) Program, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Harmonii Odinga
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 25812Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jaleh Kermani
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 25812Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 25812Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 25812Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M Pia Chaparro
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 25812Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Tremblay MF, Leblanc F, Laroche É, Blanchette V, Brousseau-Foley M. Provision of Compassionate and Empathic Care as a Well-Being Preservation Tool for Emergency Physicians: A Scoping Review. Open Access Emerg Med 2023; 15:37-45. [PMID: 36700005 PMCID: PMC9869903 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s391189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Compassion and physician well-being are two key components related to quality care in health including emergency medicine. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of compassion in care on the well-being of emergency physicians. We conducted a scoping review to explore the impact of provision of compassionate care by emergency physicians on their well-being and subconcepts. Methods Four electronic databases and grey literature were searched to find evidence related to compassion, empathy, self-compassion, and their impact on emergency physicians' well-being. Following title and abstract review, two reviewers independently screened full-text articles, and extracted data. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and a narrative analysis. Results A total of 803 reports were identified in databases. Three articles met eligibility criteria for data extraction. None directly examined compassion and well-being. Included studies addressed empathy and burnout in emergency medicine professionals. Conclusion No high-quality evidence could be found on the topic in the population of interest. Literature related to the topic of compassion in physicians, especially in emergency physicians, a field known for its high demand and stress levels, is currently scarce and additional evidence is needed to better describe and understand the association between physicians' compassion and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Frédéric Tremblay
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec affiliated to Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblanc
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec affiliated to Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Laroche
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec affiliated to Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Virginie Blanchette
- Department of Human Kinetics and Podiatric Medicine, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Magali Brousseau-Foley
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie et du Centre-du-Québec affiliated to Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Kinetics and Podiatric Medicine, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Ramli NA, Ahmad Zawawi EM, Muhamad Ariff NR, Zainol NN. Environmental cleaning battling against Covid-19 infection in health-care facilities. FACILITIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/f-03-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify and validate the environmental cleaning elements and performance criteria to prevent Covid-19 infection in health-care facilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Eight elements and 38 performance criteria were identified from the literature, and a questionnaire survey that involved environmental cleaning experts was carried out. Content validity index was used to validate the content of the environmental cleaning elements and performance criteria in this study.
Findings
The result indicates that the performance criteria of “Finishes, furnishings” and “Equipment Maintenance Log” were not relevant to be applied in current fighting against Covid-19 infection in health care. However, the remaining 36 performance criteria were proved as relevant and acceptable.
Practical implications
The findings of this study can provide a significant contribution to the built environment industry. By knowing the environmental cleaning elements and performance criteria, efforts can be carried out to explore measures that can be taken to improve the environmental cleaning practice in health care to battle against Covid-19 infection.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified need to study how environmental cleaning can be implemented in health-care facilities.
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Pauley D, Cuijpers P, Papola D, Miguel C, Karyotaki E. Two decades of digital interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness. Psychol Med 2023; 53:567-579. [PMID: 34047264 PMCID: PMC9899576 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital interventions for anxiety disorders are a promising solution to address barriers to evidence-based treatment access. Precise and powerful estimates of digital intervention effectiveness for anxiety disorders are necessary for further adoption in practice. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of digital interventions across all anxiety disorders and specific to each disorder v. wait-list and care-as-usual controls. METHODS A systematic search of bibliographic databases identified 15 030 abstracts from inception to 1 January 2020. Forty-seven randomized controlled trials (53 comparisons; 4958 participants) contributed to the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted by an anxiety disorder, risk of bias, treatment support, recruitment, location and treatment adherence. RESULTS A large, pooled effect size of g = 0.80 [95% Confidence Interval: 0.68-0.93] was found in favor of digital interventions. Moderate to large pooled effect sizes favoring digital interventions were found for generalized anxiety disorder (g = 0.62), mixed anxiety samples (g = 0.68), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (g = 1.08) and social anxiety disorder (g = 0.76) subgroups. No subgroups were significantly different or related to the pooled effect size. Notably, the effects of guided interventions (g = 0.84) and unguided interventions (g = 0.64) were not significantly different. Supplemental analysis comparing digital and face-to-face interventions (9 comparisons; 683 participants) found no significant difference in effect [g = 0.14 favoring digital interventions; Confidence Interval: -0.01 to 0.30]. CONCLUSION The precise and powerful estimates found further justify the application of digital interventions for anxiety disorders in place of wait-list or usual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Pauley
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Papola
- Department of Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Clara Miguel
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Travail cognitivo-émotionnel chez des patients en soins palliatifs : étude du vécu, de la réminiscence et du silence. PRAT PSYCHOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Chen W, Li Z, Fang H, Yao Q, Zhong C, Hao J, Zhang Q, Huang X, Peng J, Wei Z. A benchmark for automatic medical consultation system: frameworks, tasks and datasets. Bioinformatics 2022; 39:6947983. [PMID: 36539203 PMCID: PMC9848052 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION In recent years, interest has arisen in using machine learning to improve the efficiency of automatic medical consultation and enhance patient experience. In this article, we propose two frameworks to support automatic medical consultation, namely doctor-patient dialogue understanding and task-oriented interaction. We create a new large medical dialogue dataset with multi-level fine-grained annotations and establish five independent tasks, including named entity recognition, dialogue act classification, symptom label inference, medical report generation and diagnosis-oriented dialogue policy. RESULTS We report a set of benchmark results for each task, which shows the usability of the dataset and sets a baseline for future studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Both code and data are available from https://github.com/lemuria-wchen/imcs21. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyi Fang
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianyuan Yao
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianye Hao
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuanjing Huang
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajie Peng
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Zhongyu Wei
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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Camia C, Motiani S, Waters TE. On the way to adult identity: An evaluation of identity status and narrative identity models of development. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Damaneh JM, Ahmadi J, Rahmanian S, Sadeghi SMM, Nasiri V, Borz SA. Prediction of wild pistachio ecological niche using machine learning models. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Seguin-Fowler RA, Hanson KL, Villarreal D, Rethorst CD, Ayine P, Folta SC, Maddock JE, Patterson MS, Marshall GA, Volpe LC, Eldridge GD, Kershaw M, Luong V, Wang H, Kenkel D. Evaluation of a civic engagement approach to catalyze built environment change and promote healthy eating and physical activity among rural residents: a cluster (community) randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1674. [PMID: 36058913 PMCID: PMC9441047 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies demonstrate associations between risk factors for obesity and related chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease) and features of the built environment. This is particularly true for rural populations, who have higher rates of obesity, cancer, and other chronic diseases than urban residents. There is also evidence linking health behaviors and outcomes to social factors such as social support, opposition, and norms. Thus, overlapping social networks that have a high degree of social capital and community cohesion, such as those found in rural communities, may be effective targets for introducing and maintaining healthy behaviors. METHODS This study will evaluate the effectiveness of the Change Club (CC) intervention, a civic engagement intervention for built environment change to improve health behaviors and outcomes for residents of rural communities. The CC intervention provides small groups of community residents (approximately 10-14 people) with nutrition and physical activity lessons and stepwise built environment change planning workshops delivered by trained extension educators via in-person, virtual, or hybrid methods. We will conduct process, multilevel outcome, and cost evaluations of implementation of the CC intervention in a cluster randomized controlled trial in 10 communities across two states using a two-arm parallel design. Change in the primary outcome, American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 composite cardiovascular health score, will be evaluated among CC members, their friends and family members, and other community residents and compared to comparable samples in control communities. We will also evaluate changes at the social/collective level (e.g., social cohesion, social trust) and examine costs as well as barriers and facilitators to implementation. DISCUSSION Our central hypothesis is the CC intervention will improve health behaviors and outcomes among engaged citizens and their family and friends within 24 months. Furthermore, we hypothesize that positive changes will catalyze critical steps in the pathway to improving longer-term health among community residents through improved healthy eating and physical activity opportunities. This study also represents a unique opportunity to evaluate process and cost-related data, which will provide key insights into the viability of this approach for widespread dissemination. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05002660 , Registered 12 August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Karla L. Hanson
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Deyaun Villarreal
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Chad D. Rethorst
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Priscilla Ayine
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Sara C. Folta
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155 USA
| | - Jay E. Maddock
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Megan S. Patterson
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Grace A. Marshall
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Leah C. Volpe
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Galen D. Eldridge
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Meghan Kershaw
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Vi Luong
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Dallas Center, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Hua Wang
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XJeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Don Kenkel
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XJeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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The Predictive Value of Computed Tomography Findings for Poor Visual Outcome in Traumatic Eye Injury. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:4995185. [PMID: 36091574 PMCID: PMC9458393 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4995185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The prognosis of visual outcome is important for patients and healthcare providers and guides proper decision-making in traumatic eye injury. In this study, we have evaluated the predictive value of computed tomography (CT) scan findings for poor visual outcomes in patients with traumatic eye injuries. Methods. In a retrospective survey, documents of 200 patients with traumatic eye injury who underwent a diagnostic orbital CT scan were reviewed. Disorganized or collapsed globe, intraocular foreign body or gas, increased or decreased anterior chamber size, hemorrhage in the anterior or posterior chamber, crystalline or intraocular lens dislocation, posterior sclera thickening, globe borders haziness, orbital fracture, orbital hemorrhage, and foreign body, optic canal, and optic nerve injuries are the diagnostic clues for eye injury in CT scan. The predictive value of CT scan findings for poor visual outcome was calculated by sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, predictive values, hazard ratios, and binary logistic regression model. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive values showed to be high. However, there was a low negative predictive value of CT findings for the prediction of poor vision. Among the investigated factors, disorganized/collapsed globe (HR 47.72, CI 6.13–371.62), increased/decreased anterior chamber size (HR 5.04, CI 2.57–9.88), hemorrhage in anterior/posterior chamber (HR 3.58, CI 1.900–6.774/3.62, CI 1.90–6.89), globe borders haziness (HR 3.06, CI 1.33–7.01), orbital foreign body (HR 3.66, CI 1.11–12.05), and optic canal/nerve injury (HR 21.62, CI 4.73–98.78) reached the statistical significance for increasing the hazard ratio for poor visual outcome in patients with a traumatic eye injury. Logistic regression analysis showed only evidence for disorganized/collapsed globe and optic canal/nerve injury in orbital CT scan as independent predictive factors for poor visual outcome. Conclusion. CT scan findings can be used as prognostic factors for visual outcomes in patients with a traumatic eye injury.
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A Three-Step Reliability Strategy Applied to Police-Worn Body Camera Footage. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4579178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strong inferences are drawn from police-worn body camera (BWC) footage, frequently without an assessment of reliability. Unique characteristics of BWC footage (i.e., capturing trends and less frequent behavior, a focal actor (officer) is absent) suggest a specific reliability strategy. A three-step strategy of selecting appropriate reliability indexes, providing salient reliability categories, and ranking the reliability categories was applied to BWC footage. Five interrater agreement (
,
,
coefficient,
,
), two interrater consistency
, and three internal consistency (
,
,
) indexes were applied to police BWC footage. A focus was to ascertain the upper limits of reliability for BWC footage. Item development and rater training were conducted to optimize rating reliability. Using a within design and confidence intervals, the relatively stronger and weaker reliabilities across the six domains of video completeness, respect (passive, active, discourse), threats, and behavioral stance were assessed. Applied to the admissibility of court evidence, central aspects of video completeness have relatively stronger reliabilities. For research, lower reliabilities have a cost of limited generalizability and ecological validity. Policy recommendations include the usage of a standardized scale with multiple ratings to determine what information should be used in high-stake decision-making based on BWC footage. The three-step strategy integrated the reliability indexes into a single figure to reflect a reliability summary of each component of BWC footage. Weighted rankings found the Overall Audio Quality (-4.9) and Empathy (-4.9) items to have the weakest reliabilities and the Clarification (5.1) and Physical Resistance (4.9) items to have the strongest reliabilities.
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Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth—An Insight from Non-Linear ARDL Co-Integration Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and environmental pollution on economic growth in an emerging economy. We used annual data covering the period of 1986–2020 and the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) to analyze the positive and negative co-integrated variables, and our findings support the asymmetric relationship between foreign direct investment, environmental pollution and economic growth in both the short and long run, as well as a long-run relationship between environmental pollution and economic growth. A one-percent increase in environmental pollution leads to a positive change in economic performance by 0.662 percent. Adversely, a one-percent decrease in environmental pollution leads to a negative change in economic performance by 0.212 percent. Vietnam is an emerging market, and capital needs for economic activities are essential. However, the research results show that a disproportionate impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth is recorded in the long run, and a disproportionate impact of environmental pollution on the economy occurs in both the short and long term. Therefore, the government needs to have policies to attract foreign investment to develop a green and sustainable economy.
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Marcantonio TL, Valdez D, Jozkowski KN. An Assessment of the Cues College Students Interpret From a Sexual Partner to Determine They Are Refusing. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP12352-NP12374. [PMID: 33719692 DOI: 10.1177/0886260521997930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the cues college students use to determine a sexual partner is refusing vaginal-penile sex (i.e., refusal interpretations). As a secondary aim, we explored the influence of item wording (not willing/non-consent vs refusal) on college students' self-reported refusal interpretations. A sample of 175 college students from Canada and the United States completed an open-ended online survey where they were randomly assigned to one of two wording conditions (not willing/non-consent vs refusal); students were then prompted to write about the cues they used to interpret their partner was refusing. An inductive coding procedure was used to analyze open-ended data. Themes included explicit and implicit verbal and nonverbal cues. The refusal condition elicited more explicit and implicit nonverbal cues than the not willing/non-consent condition. Frequency results suggested men reported interpreting more explicit and implicit verbal cues. Women reported interpreting more implicit nonverbal cues from their partner. Our findings reflect prior research and appear in line with traditional gender and sexual scripts. We recommend researchers consider using the word refusal when assessing the cues students interpret from their sexual partners as this wording choice may reflect college students' sexual experiences more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Valdez
- Bloomington Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Dellafiore F, Caruso R, Bonavina L, Udugampolage NS, Villa G, Russo S, Vangone I, BaronI I, Di Pasquale C, Nania T, Manara DF, Arrigoni C. Risk factors and pooled incidence of intestinal stoma complications: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1103-1113. [PMID: 35608158 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present systematic review aimed to identify, critically assess and summarize which risk factors might determine the onset of ostomy complications, describing a pooled incidence and stratified incidences by each identified risk factor. METHODS A systematic literature review with a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed by following the PRISMA statement and flow chart. The quality assessment of the included articles was performed through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Sixteen articles published between 1990 and 2018 focused on the risk factors related to intestinal stomal complications, and the performed analysis led to identifying influenceable and non-influenceable risk factors. The median of the NOS evaluation was 6 (IQR = 5.75-6). Among 10,520 included patients, the pooled incidence of stomal complications was 35%, ranging from 9% to 63%, regardless of the nature of the complications. Analysis of the sub-groups highlighted obesity and ostomy surgery performed via laparoscopy or emergency conditions have significant incidences, respectively, of 66% and 68%. CONCLUSIONS The pooled incidence of stomal complications requires greater attention for its relevant epidemiology. From the clinical point of view, patients with obesity and chronic conditions require more attention to prevent complications, possibly employing accurate educational interventions to enhance proper stoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dellafiore
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Hygiene, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosario Caruso
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonavina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of General Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Villa
- Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Russo
- ItalyVascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Policlinic San Matteo Foundation, Nursing degree course, University of Pavia, section Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano S.p.A., Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Vangone
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Istituto Europeo Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene BaronI
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Nania
- Health Professions Research and Development Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Duilio F Manara
- Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Arrigoni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Hygiene, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Trotignon G, Engels T, Saeed Ali S, Mugwang’a Z, Jones I, Bechange S, Kaminyoghe E, Adera TH, Schmidt E. Measuring equity of access to eye health outreach camps in rural Malawi. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268116. [PMID: 35594293 PMCID: PMC9122225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Equity in the access and use of health services is critical if countries are to make progress towards universal health coverage and address the systematic exclusion of the most vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study was to assess if the Co-ordinated Approach To Community Health programme implemented by Sightsavers was successful in reaching the poorest population, women, and people living with disabilities in Kasungu district, Malawi. Methods Between April and September 2017, data on socio-economic status, household characteristics and functional disability were collected from patients attending at eye camps in Kasungu district, Malawi. Using asset-based tools to measure household wealth (EquityTool© and Simple Poverty Scorecard©) and the Washington Group Short Set of Questions, individuals were categorised by wealth quintiles, poverty status, and functional disability status and then compared to relevant representative national household surveys. In addition, a follow-up household survey was conducted to check the validity of self-reported household characteristics at eye camps. Results A total of 1,358 individuals participated in the study. The study shows that self-reported data on household characteristics and assets are reliable and can be collected in clinical settings (instead of relying on direct observations of assets). Individuals attending outreach camps were poorer in terms of relative wealth and absolute poverty rates compared to the rest of the population in Kasungu. It was estimated that 9% of the participants belonged to the poorest quintile compared to 4% for the population in Kasungu (DHS 2015–2016). The ultra-poverty rate was also lower among respondents (13%) compared to 15% for Kasungu district (IHS 2017). The functional disability rate was 27.5% for study participants, and statistically higher than the general population (5.6%, SENTIF 2017). Even though women are more at risks than men, 54% of the participants were men. Conclusions Our study shows that existing tools can be reliably used, and combined, if based on recent population data, to assess equity of access to health services for vulnerable groups of the population. The findings suggest that the programme was successful in reaching the poorest people of the Kasungu district population as well as those with disabilities through outreach camps but that more men than women were reach through the programme. Subsequently, our study showed that self-reported household characteristics are a reliable method to measure asset-based wealth of camps’ attendee. However, it is essential to use sub-national data (district or regional level) from recent surveys for the purpose of benchmarking in order to produce accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Engels
- Sightsavers, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Iain Jones
- Sightsavers, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Elena Schmidt
- Sightsavers, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, United Kingdom
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Nayeri D, Hosseini M, Gore M, Farhadinia MS. Understanding debates about Asiatic cheetah conservation through media analysis. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Nayeri
- Department of Wildlife, California State Polytechnic University Humboldt Arcata California USA
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Meredith Gore
- Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
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Morales-Fajardo HM, Rodríguez-Arce J, Gutiérrez-Cedeño A, Viñas JC, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Abarca-Castro EA, Ledesma-Ramírez CI, Vilchis-González AH. Towards a Non-Contact Method for Identifying Stress Using Remote Photoplethysmography in Academic Environments. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3780. [PMID: 35632193 PMCID: PMC9146726 DOI: 10.3390/s22103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stress has become a common condition and is one of the chief causes of university course disenrollment. Most of the studies and tests on academic stress have been conducted in research labs or controlled environments, but these tests can not be extended to a real academic environment due to their complexity. Academic stress presents different associated symptoms, anxiety being one of the most common. This study focuses on anxiety derived from academic activities. This study aims to validate the following hypothesis: by using a non-contact method based on the use of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), it is possible to identify academic stress levels with an accuracy greater than or equal to that of previous works which used contact methods. rPPG signals from 56 first-year engineering undergraduate students were recorded during an experimental task. The results show that the rPPG signals combined with students' demographic data and psychological scales (the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) improve the accuracy of different classification methods. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the proposed method provides 96% accuracy by using K-nearest neighbors, J48, and random forest classifiers. The performance metrics show better or equal accuracy compared to other contact methods. In general, this study demonstrates that it is possible to implement a low-cost method for identifying academic stress levels in educational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Manuel Morales-Fajardo
- School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico; (H.M.M.-F.); (J.C.V.); (A.H.V.-G.)
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Arce
- School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico; (H.M.M.-F.); (J.C.V.); (A.H.V.-G.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico; (J.J.R.-L.); (C.I.L.-R.)
| | - Alejandro Gutiérrez-Cedeño
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50010, Mexico;
| | - José Caballero Viñas
- School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico; (H.M.M.-F.); (J.C.V.); (A.H.V.-G.)
| | - José Javier Reyes-Lagos
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico; (J.J.R.-L.); (C.I.L.-R.)
| | - Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (Health and Biological Sciences Division), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada 52006, Mexico;
| | | | - Adriana H. Vilchis-González
- School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico; (H.M.M.-F.); (J.C.V.); (A.H.V.-G.)
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico; (J.J.R.-L.); (C.I.L.-R.)
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42
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Whalen DH, DiCanio C, Dockum R. Phonetic Documentation in Three Collections: Topics and Evolution. JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ASSOCIATION 2022; 52:95-121. [PMID: 35400757 PMCID: PMC8992502 DOI: 10.1017/s0025100320000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phonetic aspects of many languages have been documented, though the breadth and focus of such documentation varies substantially. In this survey, phonetic aspects (here called "categories") that are typically reported were assessed in three English-language collections-the Illustrations of the IPA, articles from the Journal of Phonetics, and papers from the Ladefoged/Maddieson Sounds of the World's Languages (SOWL) documentation project. Categories were defined for consonants (e.g., Voice Onset Time (VOT) and frication spectrum; 10 in total), vowels (e.g., formants and duration; 7 total) and suprasegmentals (e.g., stress and distinctive vowel length, 6 total). The Illustrations, due to their brevity, had, on average, limited coverage of the selected categories (12% of the 23 categories). Journal of Phonetics articles were typically theoretically motivated, but 64 had sufficient measurements to count as phonetic documentation; these also covered 12% of the categories. The SOWL studies, designed to cover as much of the phonetic structure as feasible in an article-length treatment, achieved 41% coverage on average. Four book-length studies were also examined, with an average of 49% coverage. Phonetic properties of many language families have been studied, though Indo-European is still disproportionately represented. Physiological measures were excluded as being less common, and perceptual measures were excluded as being typically more theoretical. This preliminary study indicates that certain acoustic properties of languages are typically measured and may be considered as an impetus for later, fuller coverage, but broader consensus on the categories is needed. Current documentation efforts could be more useful if these considerations were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Whalen
- City University of New York, Haskins Laboratories and Yale University
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43
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Guo H, Yan F, Li P, Li M. Determination of Storage Period of Harvested Plums by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Quality attributes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Fang Yan
- College of Software and Information Beijing Information Technology College Beijing 100015 China
| | - Pingzhen Li
- College of Information Shanxi University of Finance and Economic Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin 300134 China
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44
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Minto K, Masser BM, Louis WR. Identifying Nonphysical Intimate Partner Violence in Relationships: The Role of Beliefs and Schemas. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2416-2442. [PMID: 32643996 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520938505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While substantial research has been conducted on intimate partner violence (IPV), comparatively little research has examined peoples' perceptions of which behaviors comprise this form of abuse. Early identification of IPV is critical to ending abuse, however, forms of IPV that typically occur earlier in a relationship (e.g., nonphysical abuse) may not be core components of peoples' mental frameworks (schemas) of IPV and may therefore be less commonly identified as abusive. To explore this, in Study 1 participants from an Australian University (N = 86) separately described the relationships with IPV and nonphysical IPV. Analyses identified control, power imbalance, stereotypical gender dynamics (male perpetrator, female victim), physical abuse, and having a low socioeconomic status abuser as common components of participants' IPV schema when not prompted with type of abuse. However, participants largely failed to describe nonphysical IPV behaviors, suggesting limited awareness of the specific behaviors that constitute abuse. To explore this in Study 2, participants from an Australian University (N = 305) were asked to categorize a range of specific behaviors (including physically abusive, nonphysically abusive, and nonabusive behaviors) as definitely, maybe, or never abusive. Drawing on the known positive association between gender and romantic beliefs with the experience of abuse, we also assessed the relationship of identification of IPV behaviors to these beliefs. Moderated multilevel modeling showed that nonphysical IPV behaviors were generally perceived as less abusive than physical IPV behaviors. In addition, stronger endorsement of romantic jealousy was associated with evaluating nonphysical IPV as less abusive. However, romantic jealousy beliefs were not significantly associated with the perceived abusiveness of physical IPV behaviors. Findings support the conclusion that individuals' IPV schemas contribute to a failure to identify nonphysical IPV behaviors as abusive, and this is particularly true for people who more strongly endorse romantic jealousy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Minto
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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45
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Saxhaug LM, Graven T, Olsen Ø, Kleinau JO, Skjetne K, Ellekjær H, Dalen H. Reliability and agreement of point-of-care carotid artery examinations by experts using hand-held ultrasound devices in patients with ischaemic stroke or transitory ischaemic attack. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2021-001917. [PMID: 35105719 PMCID: PMC8808450 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the reliability and agreement of hand-held ultrasound devices (HUDs) compared with conventional duplex ultrasound (HIGH) in examination for carotid stenosis in patients with suspected transitory ischaemic attack (TIA) or ischaemic stroke. Methods Cardiologists, experienced in carotid ultrasound, examined patients admitted to a community hospital with suspected stroke or TIA. Patients were first examined by an HUD and second by HIGH as per usual care. Different operators performed HUD and HIGH blinded to each other. On clinical discretion, CT angiography (CTA) was performed, and analysed by a radiologist blinded to the results from the ultrasound. Results Of 80 patients included, 9 (11%) were found to have >50% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis on reference examination. Agreement for classification of the degree of ICA stenosis was good for HUD versus HIGH (weighted Kappa 0.76) and HUD versus CTA (weighted Kappa 0.66). Agreement between HUD and HIGH examinations was excellent when ICA was classified as <50% diameter stenosis by HUD (99% agreement), but significantly lower when ICA diameter stenosis was classified as >50% by HUD (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.42). Overall, HUD tended to overestimate the degree of carotid stenoses rather than underestimate (p=0.048). Conclusion Hand-held carotid ultrasound performed by experts demonstrated good agreement with conventional duplex ultrasound. The use of HUDs was reliable for ruling out significant carotid artery disease, but less reliable for ruling in significant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mølgaard Saxhaug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway .,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torbjorn Graven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Øystein Olsen
- Department of Radiology, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Jens Olaf Kleinau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kyrre Skjetne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Hanne Ellekjær
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway.,Stroke Unit, Department of Medicine, St Olavs Hospital University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Havard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
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46
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An Empirical Comparative Assessment of Inter-Rater Agreement of Binary Outcomes and Multiple Raters. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many methods under the umbrella of inter-rater agreement (IRA) have been proposed to evaluate how well two or more medical experts agree on a set of outcomes. The objective of this work was to assess key IRA statistics in the context of multiple raters with binary outcomes. Methods: We simulated the responses of several raters (2–5) with 20, 50, 300, and 500 observations. For each combination of raters and observations, we estimated the expected value and variance of four commonly used inter-rater agreement statistics (Fleiss’ Kappa, Light’s Kappa, Conger’s Kappa, and Gwet’s AC1). Results: In the case of equal outcome prevalence (symmetric), the estimated expected values of all four statistics were equal. In the asymmetric case, only the estimated expected values of the three Kappa statistics were equal. In the symmetric case, Fleiss’ Kappa yielded a higher estimated variance than the other three statistics. In the asymmetric case, Gwet’s AC1 yielded a lower estimated variance than the three Kappa statistics for each scenario. Conclusion: Since the population-level prevalence of a set of outcomes may not be known a priori, Gwet’s AC1 statistic should be favored over the three Kappa statistics. For meaningful direct comparisons between IRA measures, transformations between statistics should be conducted.
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Andrés AM, Hernández MÁ. Multi-rater delta: extending the delta nominal measure of agreement between two raters to many raters. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2021.2013485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Martín Andrés
- Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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48
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Gupta R, Agrawal R. Are the concerns destroying mental health of college students?: A qualitative analysis portraying experiences amidst COVID-19 ambiguities. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2021; 21:621-639. [PMID: 33821151 PMCID: PMC8013217 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus presenting an unforeseeable chain of events has exaggerated misery for students in India as they attracted the most detrimental experiences associated with lockdown restrictions leading to a shutdown of colleges as a preventive measure. The research endeavors to furnish a review of the overall hardships and psychological state of mind of college students and improvement in the implementation of policy decisions. Researchers conceptualize the newly discovered phenomenon by adopting grounded theory. Data from 256 newspaper articles, online articles and magazines have been gathered and converted into 256 separate files. To broaden the justification of research, social media analysis employing tweets, Facebook posts and Whatsapp messages are considered adding to the contributory prospects of the study. Compiled data is then refined through data mining technique. Triangulation approach amalgamating content analysis and thematic analysis has been deployed, thereby exploring the qualitative aspect of data gathering. Reviews from 31 students through telephonic conversation and 8 academic experts extended more accuracy to the research process. Findings administered academic disruptions with career concern, emotional suffering, financial concern, online learning, overseas injustice and psychological effects as the final themes representing various concerns experienced by college students. Hence, this work concludes with some constructive suggestions to deteriorate the amplified concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Gupta
- Department of Management Studies J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA Faridabad Haryana India
| | - Rachna Agrawal
- Department of Management Studies J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA Faridabad Haryana India
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49
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Sen A, Li P, Ye W, Franzblau A. Bayesian inference of dependent kappa for binary ratings. Stat Med 2021; 40:5947-5960. [PMID: 34542193 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In medical and social science research, reliability of testing methods measured through inter- and intraobserver agreement is critical in disease diagnosis. Often comparison of agreement across multiple testing methods is sought in situations where testing is carried out on the same experimental units rendering the outcomes to be correlated. In this article, we first developed a Bayesian method for comparing dependent agreement measures under a grouped data setting. Simulation studies showed that the proposed methodology outperforms the competing methods in terms of power, while maintaining a decent type I error rate. We further developed a Bayesian joint model for comparing dependent agreement measures adjusting for subject and rater-level heterogeneity. Simulation studies indicate that our model outperforms a competing method that is used in this context. The developed methodology was implemented on a key measure on a dichotomous rating scale from a study with six raters evaluating three classification methods for chest radiographs for pneumoconiosis developed by the International Labor Office.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Sen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alfred Franzblau
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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50
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Ruhle SA, Schmoll R. COVID-19, Telecommuting, and (Virtual) Sickness Presenteeism: Working From Home While Ill During a Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:734106. [PMID: 34721202 PMCID: PMC8554096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored (virtual) sickness presenteeism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using qualitative data from 505 members of the German working population, it investigates how working from home, which rapidly increased because of the COVID-19 outbreak, is perceived with regard to the pandemic. The study explored how this development affects the decision to show absence or presence in case of illness. More than 1,300 responses to different open-end questions by presenteeists and non-presenteeists were analyzed. The findings suggest that many previously identified reasons for deciding for or against presenteeism are still applicable. However, noteworthy differences with regard to both telecommuting and the pandemic occurred. Virtual sickness presenteeism seems to be strongly encouraged by the possibility to adjust working conditions at home. Additionally, COVID-19 has affected the perceptions of health at work. The study contributes to a more in-depth understanding of (virtual) sickness presenteeism during a global pandemic. Six propositions for future research are developed, and the importance of context for the consequences of virtual sickness presenteeism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Alexander Ruhle
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Schmoll
- Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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