Hypertension (HTN) has been found to be the most common comorbidity in patients with cancer. In addition to increased prevalence of baseline HTN, patients with cancer may be at increased risk of HTN as a short-term or long-term adverse event from cancer therapy. Different classes of cancer therapies have been implicated in the development of HTN, including inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, and others. While some of these drugs may lead to increases in blood pressure through on-target effects (eg, with VEGF inhibition), others may be associated with HTN from off-target mechanisms that are not always well understood.

It has been reported that up to 90% of organ transplant recipients have suboptimal blood pressure control. Uncontrolled hypertension is a well-known culprit of cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality. In addition, rigorous control of hypertension after organ transplantation is a crucial factor in prolonging graft survival. Nevertheless, hypertension after organ transplantation encompasses a broader range of causes than those identified in non-organ transplant patients. Hence, specific management awareness of those factors is mandated. An in-depth understanding of hypertension after organ transplantation remains a debatable issue that necessitates further clarification. This article provides a comprehensive review of the prevalence, risk factors, etiology, complications, prevention, and management of hypertension after organ transplantation.