Changes in spine kinematics are common in people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and this includes changes in trunk angular displacement and angular velocity. The helical axis (HA) of motion is an approach to investigate three-dimensional variability of joint kinematics. In this study we investigate whether the variability of trunk movement is modified in people with CLBP by measuring the dispersion of HA parameters during repeated trunk movements performed at different movement speed. Nineteen people with CLBP and twenty asymptomatic volunteers performed repetitive continuous trunk movements at three different speeds. Two parameters of the HA were extracted to characterise movement variability at the lumbo-sacral and thoraco-lumbar regions: mean angle (MA) and mean distance (MD). Two-Way mixed ANOVA showed significantly higher MA and MD (p<0.001) especially at the thoraco-lumbar region for those with CLBP. Interestingly, this was not consistent across all directions or speed of movement; higher HA parameters for those with CLBP at the lumbo-sacral region was mainly observed during flexion/extension cycles. In addition, there was a speed and group interaction effect during rotational cycles (p=0.010) which showed higher thoraco-lumbar MA values for those with CLBP during the faster speed (p=0.029, mean dif.(95 % CI) = 2.28, (0.247;4.328)) and slower speed condition (p=0.003, mean dif.(95 % CI) = 2.78, (1.009;4.565)). This study shows that people with CLBP move their spine in a more variable way, a characteristic that could be influenced by speed and direction of trunk movement. This could reflect an adaptive behaviour to long-lasting pain.

The majority of Canadian adults are not meeting the recommended physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines. Previous studies have highlighted experiences of weight bias as a potential barrier to physical activity and an enabler of sedentary behaviours. Few studies have examined whether endorsing or internalizing weight bias is associated with these health behaviours. A secondary analysis was conducted on a sample of Canadian adults (N = 891, 52% female, mean age group = 45-54 years; mean body mass index [BMI] = 27.04 ± 6 kg/m2). Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire, the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale, and the Anti-Fat Attitudes Questionnaire (explicit weight bias). Linear regressions were conducted to determine the relationships between weight bias internalization (WBI), explicit weight bias, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. WBI predicted more weekly hours spent engaging in sedentary behaviours (F(6,897) = 14.73, p <.001, R2 = 0.09) and anti-fat attitudes (AFA) predicted more weekly minutes of vigorous physical activity (F(6,891) = 5.42, p <.001, adj. R2 = 0.03). WBI was not significantly associated with physical activity at any intensity. AFA was not significantly associated with sedentary behaviour, or moderate and mild physical activity. Findings suggest that some elements of weight bias may be related to certain health behaviours like sedentary behaviours and physical activity. Our results warrant further study on other factors that may play a role in the relationships between weight bias and health behaviours. Future research should include longitudinal studies and interventions that investigate the impact of weight bias on health behaviours.

Insufficient physical activity is one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide. Regular exercise can improve physical performance and quality of life, reduce the risks of falls and depressive symptoms, and reduce the likelihood of cognitive decline in older adults. Virtual reality (VR) and serious games (SG) are promising tools to improve physical and cognitive functioning. As part of the VR2Care project activities, four pilot sites explored the capabilities of the VR environment in a remote psychomotor training with SG and a hybrid approach with local groups of older adults performing physical activity.

The present study aimed to explore and measure the impact on older adults' quality of life and physical activity of using VR2Care solution and the level of usability, satisfaction and acceptance.

The study is a mixed method study, using qualitative and quantitative surveys to evaluate quality of life and physical activity of older users, and usability, satisfaction and acceptance of the solution. The data collection is a mix of investigator site data entry and users' self-reported data through the solutions or through online and paper-based means. Data were collected at baseline and after a follow-up of 6 weeks. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise stated. Within the group, baseline to end of observation differences were assessed by paired sample t-test. A p = 0.05 was considered significant.

No significant improvements in quality of life and physical activity were found. Little improvement, although not significant, in physical activity was found, comparing the Total MET average value of users who participated in phase I and II, therefore using SmartAL and Rehability. Little improvement, although not significant, in physical activity applies in ≥76 population. Users' feedback on usability, satisfaction and acceptance of VR2Care is generally positive. VR2Care was appreciated mostly for its usefulness in managing physical activity and the capacity to influence the consistency of attending physical activity sessions as prescribed by doctors.

Our results suggest that randomized controlled trial will be needed to assess correlations between specific features of the solution and health outcomes.

Background/Objectives: Structured medium- and long-chain triglycerides (sMLCT) may be a superior vehicle for medium-chain fatty acid delivery to peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Limited information is available concerning the effect of sMLCT on muscular performance or recovery after a muscle-damaging exercise protocol. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of a novel formulation of sMLCT on muscular performance and recovery. Methods: Forty female adults (mean ± SD age = 22 ± 3 years; body mass index = 23.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) were randomized into one of two study groups, placebo control [CON; n = 20] or sMLCT [n = 20], and completed five total visits to the laboratory. The baseline (i.e., pre-exercise) assessments of muscle performance, size, and soreness were compared to assessments immediately following exercise and 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Results: No statistically significant condition × time interactions were noted for strength outcomes, although trends for condition × time interactions were present for torque over 25 ms (p = 0.06) and peak torque (p = 0.05). Similarly, no condition x time interactions were present for ultrasound echo intensity, the subjective ratings of soreness and pain, thigh circumference, leg volume, and vertical jump performance. Conclusions: Within the context of the current study, the ingestion of sMLCT did not significantly influence the rate of muscle strength recovery following muscle damaging resistance exercise.

While excess weight in adulthood and childhood has been associated with increased cancer risk, the link between body size change from childhood to adulthood and cancer risk requires further investigation. We aimed to examine the associations of childhood-to-adulthood body size change with the risk of obesity-related cancers.

We used data from the UK Biobank, a prospective population-based cohort study. The main exposure was childhood-to-adulthood body size change, constructed from self-reported body size at age 10 (categories: thinner, average, and plumper than average) and measured body mass index (BMI) at recruitment (normal weight, overweight, and obesity). Primary outcome was obesity-related cancer (13 different cancer types).

Among 448,936 participants (mean [SD] age, 56.2 [8.1] years; 240,023 were female [53.5%]) and during a median follow-up of 11.7 years (interquartile range [10.9-12.4]), 21,289 incident obesity-related cancer cases were recorded. Most participants were either overweight (42.6%) or had obesity (24.4%) at recruitment, while only a minority (16.0%) reported to have been plumper than average at age 10. Having a larger body size in childhood was strongly associated with having overweight or obesity in adulthood. Compared to participants with average childhood and normal adulthood body size, participants with overweight or obesity in adulthood had a significantly increased risk of obesity-related cancers, regardless of the childhood body size (adjusted hazard ratios ranged from 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.24] to 1.61 [95% CI, 1.50-1.73]). The strength of the association was mostly determined by adulthood BMI, and similar patterns were observed for colorectal, endometrial, kidney, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer. However, a larger body size in childhood was associated with a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.93]).

While larger body size in childhood predisposes individuals to overweight and obesity in adulthood, maintaining a healthy weight in adulthood may help mitigate the risk of obesity-related cancers. Our findings highlight the importance of preventing and reducing overweight and obesity in adulthood for primary cancer prevention.

People with intermittent claudication are significantly less active compared to their peers without intermittent claudication, worsening future health outcomes. Supervised exercise therapy is not commonly available, but behaviour change techniques in unsupervised interventions can improve physical activity. Specific behaviour change techniques, theoretical mechanisms and contextual features linked to effectiveness remain unclear.

To conduct an integrative synthesis of: effectiveness of behaviour change technique-based interventions on daily physical activity and clinical-/patient-reported outcomes; behaviour change techniques and theoretical mechanisms within effective behaviour change technique-based interventions; feasibility and acceptability. Primary outcomes: short term (< 6 months) and maintenance (> 6 months) of daily physical activity. Secondary outcomes: clinical-/patient-reported outcomes.

Seven primary studies databases; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database and Trial Registers to 31 August 2023.

Systematic review 1: interventions incorporating ≥ 1 behaviour change technique (coded using Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy version 1, and Theoretical Domains Framework). Systematic review 2: quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods research on patient/provider experiences. Study quality assessed using revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials; Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Fifty-three articles (41 studies) were included in systematic review 1, and 28 articles (28 studies) in systematic review 2. Eleven randomised controlled trials demonstrated that behaviour change technique-based interventions increased daily physical activity in the short term [increase of 0.20 standardised mean difference (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.33), ~ 473 steps/day] with high certainty. Evidence of maintenance of daily physical activity is unclear (increase of 0.12 standardised mean difference; ~ 288 steps/day). Behaviour change techniques aimed at improving patients' intentions to engage in physical activity were most effective. Network analysis suggests that behaviour change technique-based interventions improved daily physical activity and may be better than supervised exercise therapy in maintaining daily physical activity. behaviour change technique-based interventions were acceptable and had short-medium-term benefits to initial/absolute claudication distance/time, walking impairment scores and disease-specific quality of life.

The behaviour change technique-based interventions are effective, targeting intention to engage in physical activity, in improving daily physical activity and functional outcomes in the short term, although evidence is limited for maintenance. There is a need for more randomised controlled trials examining daily physical activity and clinical outcomes, including longer-term follow-up, with detailed descriptions of behaviour change techniques, costs and provider views.

This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020159869.

This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR130664) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 29, No. 18. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a 10-week commuter cycling intervention on physical activity (PA), cardiometabolic health and body composition. A randomised controlled trial was conducted in healthy males and females (n = 26, BMI ≤ 30, ≥ 20 years ≤ 55 years). The intervention group (CYC) cycle commuted (148 ± 38 min.wk-1). The control group (CON) received public transport or petrol vouchers.V ˙ $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$ O2max increased in CYC (10.5 ± 16.2%), decreased in CON (-2.8 ± 12.3%) (p = 0.03). HRrest decreased in CYC (-5.4 ± 6.8%), increased in CON (1.7 ± 9.5%) (p = 0.02) as did diastolic blood pressure (-1.2 ± 7.5%, 11.9 ± 16.5%, respectively, p = 0.02). Weekly logbooks indicated no group difference in total PA (Group p = 0.15) or change over time (p = 0.18). CYC conducted more moderate and vigorous PA combined (p = 0.008). No changes in body mass were observed (CYC: wk0 78.5 ± 9.0, wk10 78.7 ± 9.0, CON: wk0 69.8 ± 6.7, wk10 70.3 ± 6.7 (p = 0.17), or difference between groups (p = 0.61). Body fat (sum of 4 skinfolds) was maintained similarly in both groups (p = 0.95). Body fat (DXA) was 29.4 ± 9. 7% before and 29.5 ± 9.8% after in CYC (p = 0.97). The intervention did not alter C-reactive protein, HDL, LDL, or total cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin or HOMA-IR (p > 0.05). In conclusion, some cardiovascular benefits can occur with commuter cycling even if total PA and body composition are not altered. The increase in more intensive PA is likely responsible for the enhanced cardiovascular fitness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZTCR:12617000123347).

Mental toughness is a psychological construct related to resilience and perseverance, and quality of life encompasses physical, emotional, and social wellbeing, which are critical indicators of overall health and wellbeing. This study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of physical activity on mental toughness and quality of life in both male and female participants.

This cross-sectional study consists of 220 participants with the age range of 18-31 years. The data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life. Gender specific differences were determined using an independent t-test (two-tailed). The effect of varying levels of physical activity in male and female participants was determined by analysis of variance.

Significant differences were found between male and female participants for physical activity levels as high (t = 4.21, p ≤ 0.001, d = 871.80), moderate (t = 3.72, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1309.59), and low (t = 3.21, p = 0.002, d = 520.91) physical activity participants. Statistically significant differences were also found between gender for mental toughness parameters [handling pressure (t = 17.96, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.25), concentration (t = 16.07, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.22), mental rebounding (t = 13.34, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.45), winning attitude (t = 12.01, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.17)] and quality of life parameters [physical (t = 13.16, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.58), mental (t = 6.17, p ≤ 0.001, d = 1.69), social (t = 4.58, p ≤ 0.001, d = 2.05), environmental (t = 8.35, p ≤ 0.001, d = 4.95)].

Statistically significant differences were found between genders in levels of physical activity, mental toughness, and quality of life. Future research should aim to unravel the complex interlink between physical activity, mental toughness, and quality of life, using longitudinal designs and diverse populations to validate the findings and explore the underlying mechanisms further.

Growing evidence suggests that strenuous physical activity (PA) may be associated with an increased risk of developing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. However, there are inconsistent findings across studies that may reduce our understanding of any potential associations. We propose that these differences may reflect the tools used to record historical PA. We conducted a systematic review evaluating the risk of developing ALS due to PA. The inclusion criteria were met by 22/113 studies, and an association between increasing PA and ALS was found in 15 studies. Studies that found a positive association were more likely to have longer recall periods and convert data into Metabolic Equivalent of Task values. Studies that did not find an association with increasing PA were more likely to use questionnaires with no validity or reliability data. Questionnaires with validity data all showed at least a moderate correlation of PA compared to objective measures, with reliability ranging from poor to good. Study designs included prospective cohort and case-control, which may also contribute to heterogeneity in findings. This work highlights the need for consensus on the type of questionnaire to use to assess potential associations between PA and ALS.

This needs-assessment study evaluated the physical activity levels, needs, preferences, and requirements for exercise among individuals with visual impairments, aiming to establish evidence for the codesign of a subsequent home-based exercise program. The questionnaire, comprising 35 questions, was developed by a research team of disability and adapted physical activity experts. It was implemented for the online survey, collecting data from 145 adults with severe low vision and blindness between January 15 and January 29, 2024. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis were employed. Seventy-five participants (62.5%) were classified as overweight or obese, and only 15 participants reported engaging in the recommended levels of physical activity. Regarding the requirements for future home-based exercise programs, seven themes were identified: accessibility, nonvisual learning support, safety management, personalization, motivation, education, and technology. The results emphasized the urgent need for adapted home-based exercise programs that align with individuals' specific health conditions and abilities.

The university period generally involves dropping out of sporting activities and higher levels of stress. However, studies addressing the consequences of these changes in the self-esteem of university students are very scarce.

To determine the relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary lifestyle and self-esteem levels in university students, and to analyse the differences according to gender.

Cross-sectional online survey of 314 spanish university students.

Global self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. PA was measured using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used to evaluate differences between total self-esteem values by PA categories (low-moderate-high). Pearson's correlation was used to analyse the association of global self-esteem with the level of total PA and with a sedentary lifestyle.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and self-esteem scores were higher in men than in women. High levels of PA were positively correlated to self-esteem in the total sample; and sedentary behaviour was inversely correlated to self-esteem in the total sample and women. The differences between men and women in self-esteem were not significant in participants that engaged in vigorous PA.

Engaging in PA was related to better self-esteem. A sedentary lifestyle had a greater impact on women's self-esteem. When women engage in vigorous physical activity, their self-esteem equals that of men. These findings could serve as a basis for developing strategies to promote mental health through physical activity.

Our findings could help Mental Health Nurses, Community Health Nurses and university policymakers take steps to promote physical activity, with a gender perspective, within university curriculum enhancement strategies, with the goal of improving self-esteem and mental health in young people during a critical period of transition to adulthood.

What problem did the study address? This study addressed the relationship between the self-esteem of university students and their physical activity levels, emphasising the role of sedentary behaviour and gender differences. What were the main findings? The practice of PA was associated with higher self-esteem. The differences in self-esteem between men and women were not significant among those who participated in vigorous physical activity. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle had a greater negative impact on women's self-esteem. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? The implementation of physical activity programs in the university setting is a key factor in improving students' self-esteem. These programs should be designed from a gender perspective to better address students' specific needs. Additionally, nurses, particularly those working in mental health and community health, play a critical role in promoting physical activity as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for mental health issues. Integrating physical activity recommendations into routine health assessments and university-based interventions could facilitate the early identification of students at risk of low self-esteem and associated mental health challenges. From a nursing perspective, structured exercise programmes, active breaks during classes and active learning methodologies that incorporate physical movement with academic content could contribute to creating a healthier university environment and improving students' psychological well-being.

This study adhered to the reporting guidelines for observational studies according to the STROBE (Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement.

No patient or public contribution.

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered the best dietary approach for patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recently, time-restricted feeding (TRF) has gained attention for its lifestyle compatibility and health benefits.

This study aimed to compare the effects of a hypocaloric MD with a 10-h TRF protocol to an unrestricted MD in MASLD patients with overweight/obesity and evaluate differences between early and late TRF.

This 12-week randomised controlled trial in MASLD patients with overweight/obesity consisted of three groups, all following a hypocaloric Mediterranean-type diet. The control group had no eating time restrictions. The early TRF (eTRF) and late TRF (lTRF) groups had a 10-h eating window, from 8 AM to 6 PM and from 12 PM to 10 PM, respectively. Various health parameters were measured. Compliance was tracked via food diaries, and an 8-week follow-up occurred post-intervention.

Fifty-nine MASLD individuals (27 males; 52.9 years; body mass index 32.1 kg/m2) completed the trial (control, n = 19; eTRF, n = 20; lTRF, n = 20). All groups showed significant 12-week reductions in body weight, anthropometry and blood pressure. Glycated haemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance, as measured by the Matsuda index, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio, improved in the eTRF group at 12 weeks.

This study corroborates the efficacy of MD in ameliorating cardiometabolic risk factors such as body weight and blood pressure in MASLD patients. The combination with an eTRF protocol may improve glycaemic control (NCT05866744).

The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05866744).

With the intensification of aging, the proportion of people affected by multimorbidity is steadily increasing worldwide. In remote areas of China, where economic development is lagging and healthcare resources are limited, the older hypertensive population may experience a higher burden of multimorbidity. However, comprehensive evidence is still lacking on how specific combinations of lifestyle behaviours (LBs) impact particular multimorbidity health outcomes in older hypertensive individuals.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the older hypertensive population (aged ≥65 years) from 1 July to August 31, 2023 in Jia County, a remote area of China.

A total of 40 diseases were categorized into physical, psychological and cognitive disorders. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95 % CIs for the associations between LBs and multimorbidity.

Among 17,728 participants, the prevalence of physical, psychological, cognitive, physical-psychological multimorbidity (PPsM), physical-cognitive multimorbidity (PCM), psychological-cognitive multimorbidity (PsCM), and physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity (PPsCM) were 63.55 %, 30.12 %, 64.55 %, 22.31 %, 42.03 %, 22.57 %, and 16.74 %, respectively. Compared to participants without any healthy LBs, those with five healthy LBs were associated with a lower risk of physical, psychological, cognitive, PPsM, PCM, PsCM, and PPsCM. Overall, the risk of adverse outcomes decreased with the number of healthy LBs (Ptrend<0.001). However, combinations of healthy LBs of the same quantity but from different categories exhibited varying impacts on the outcomes.

Multimorbidity involving physical, psychological, and cognitive disorders poses a significant challenge for managing hypertention. Strengthening the capacity of primary healthcare workers to promote healthy lifestyle practices and identifying the optimal LB combinations should be prioritized in the management of hypertensive individuals in remote areas of China.

General obesity commonly represented by body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear to what extent this association is accounted for by central obesity. We aimed to evaluate the associations between BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) with CRC risk and to investigate if and to what extent these associations are independent from each other.

Data from more than 500,000 male and female participants aged 40-69, recruited in the UK Biobank study between 2006 and 2010, were analyzed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted and hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, of 460,784 participants, 5,977 developed CRC. Multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) per standard deviation increase of BMI, WHR, and WC were 1.10 (1.07-1.13), 1.18 (1.14-1.22), and 1.14 (1.11-1.18), respectively. After mutual adjustment, the association with CRC was substantially attenuated for BMI (1.04 (1.01-1.07)), and remained substantially stronger for WHR (1.15 (1.11-1.20)). Furthermore, WHR showed strong, statistically significant associations with CRC risk within all BMI categories, whereas associations of BMI with CRC risk were weak and not statistically significant within WHR categories. BMI was also not associated with CRC risk in women and with rectal cancer after mutual adjustment. Conversely, WHR was strongly associated with CRC risk in both sexes and with both colon and rectal cancer risk before and after adjustment for BMI. BMI and WC could not be mutually adjusted for due to their high correlation.

Central obesity is a much stronger predictor of CRC and may account for most of the CRC risk linked to obesity. Our findings also emphasize the need for incorporating measures such as WHR alongside BMI in clinical practice to improve obesity prevention and management.

Because of advances in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), meeting the long-term health needs of increasing numbers of HCT survivors remains challenging. This multicenter trial aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of an exercise and mindfulness intervention delivered by telehealth.

One hundred thirty-nine participants >6 months post-HCT were randomly assigned 1:1 to a 6-week personalized exercise and mindfulness training with three motivation sessions at 3-6 months via an online meeting platform or usual care. Physical and quality-of-life (QOL) assessments were conducted online for 12 months. The primary end point was the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) at 3 months.

The median time post-HCT was 21 months (range, 7-67 months). Improvement in mean difference of 6-MWT was found in the intervention group compared with control (intention-to-treat) at 3 months (51.4 m [95% CI, 27.3 to 75.5]; P < .001; effect size [ES], 0.52) and was maintained at 12 months (59.3 m, P = .003; ES, 0.60). Sustained improvements in mean difference for sit-to-stand (STS) at 3 and 12 months were seen. There were no significant changes in hand grip strength or QOL outcomes between groups. A significant difference in serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration was observed between the intervention and control groups in the exploratory study. No intervention adverse events were found.

The supervised multimodal telehealth intervention provided clinically meaningful and durable improvement of physical capacity in HCT survivors. This home-based program has the potential to provide an unmet need for HCT survivors. Similar programs may benefit survivors of other cancers, organ transplants, and chronic disorders.

To design effective tailored interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among older adults, insights are needed into the contexts in which older adults engage in PA and their affective and physical experiences. Sensor-triggered event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative method for capturing real-life contexts, as well as affective and physical states, during or immediately after specific events, such as PA. This study aimed to (1) describe the physical and social contexts, and the affective and physical states during PA among older adults, (2) evaluate how these constructs fluctuate during PA episodes, and (3) describe affective states during PA according to the context.

An intensive longitudinal sensor-triggered event-based EMA study was conducted with 92 Belgian older adults (65 + years). During seven days, participants were monitored using a Fitbit, which triggered a smartphone-based questionnaire on the event-based EMA platform 'HealthReact' after a five-minute walk. Participants reported on contexts and affective (positive/negative valence) and physical states (pain and fatigue) during the PA event. Descriptive statistics and generalized mixed models were used for data analysis.

Older adults predominantly engaged in daily physical activities, such as walking for transport, leisure walking, and gardening, rather than structured exercise. They consistently reported high positive affect, low negative affect, and minimal physical complaints during PA. Furthermore, older adults mainly engage in physical activities alone, particularly in outdoor settings. Variations in contexts, affect, and fatigue were mostly driven by within-subject differences. The model showed significant differences across times of day, with negative affect being highest in the evening and fatigue lowest in the morning. Additionally, the physical and social context influenced negative affect (but not positive affect), with outdoor activities performed alone and indoor activities performed with others being associated with lower negative affect.

While these findings could enhance the effectiveness of tailored PA interventions, it remains unclear whether the observed affective and physical states are causes or effects of PA, and whether the contexts in which the activities were performed align with older adults' preferences. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and to better understand older adults' preferred PA contexts.

With the rising global aging rate, elderly nutrition and health issues are major concerns. Current research focuses on nutrients such as protein and vitamins, while there are limited studies on water intake in the elderly. The aim of this study was to assess whether Chinese people aged over 75 years are meeting the recommended adequate intake (AI) for total water intake and its relationship with body composition. This was done by exploring potential mechanisms through the analysis of urinary metabolites. Water intake and dietary status were collected from 456 community seniors aged over 75 years using a 24-hour water intake and dietary record form. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We found that 16.01% of community seniors reached the AI. The protein, fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) levels were all increased in the AI group compared to the Collapse

Objective: Loneliness is increasingly acknowledged as a public health concern due to its association with morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of loneliness is highest in the post-secondary population. Understanding the correlates of loneliness may assist in developing policy and program interventions. Participants and Methods: Post-secondary students (n = 28,975) from the Winter 2022 Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS) cycle. A multi-level logistic regression controlling for the institution was built to determine how demographic, health behaviors, mental health and institutional level factors are associated with loneliness. Results: The prevalence of loneliness was 31% in our sample. Demographic (e.g., gender, sexual orientation, social economic status), health behaviors (e.g., physical activity and substance use), mental health (e.g., mental distress and social support) and institutional factors (e.g., college or university institution) impacted the odds of reporting loneliness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest loneliness might require greater attention by institutional staff and administrators.

Normal weight obesity (NWO) is a body composition phenotype that is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and is characterized by a normal weight body mass index but elevated body fat. The purpose of this study was to determine sex differences in aerobic capacity across body composition phenotypes, including normal weight lean (NWL), NWO, and traditional obesity (OB). We recruited 60 participants according to three body composition phenotypes: NWL (n = 10 females, n = 10 males), NWO (n = 10 females, n = 10 males), and OB (n = 10 females, n = 10 males). Measurements included fasting metabolic risk factors, body composition X-ray scan, and peak exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine aerobic capacity (VO2peak). Across groups, males (34.5 ± 11.7 mL/kg/min) exhibited greater VO2peak than females (28.8 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min; p = 0.04). There were no differences in VO2peak between sexes within the same body composition phenotype, but NWL (42.7 ± 9.0 mL/kg/min) exhibited greater VO2peak than NWO (27.9 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min; p < 0.0001) and OB (24.4 ± 7.3 mL/kg/min; p < 0.0001). VO2peak was inversely correlated with relative body fat in the full sample (r = -0.67; p < 0.0001), but was stronger in males (r = -0.78; p < 0.0001) than females (r = -0.53; p = 0.0028). Visceral adipose tissue was not significantly correlated with VO2peak in the full sample (r = -0.25; p = 0.05) or in males (r = -0.23; p = 0.25), although they were inversely correlated in females (r = -0.36; p = 0.048). Our results suggest low aerobic capacity in both men and women with NWO, similar to men and women with OB. The relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity is strong across body composition phenotypes, but appears to be more consistent in females than males. For healthcare professionals aiming to lower cardiometabolic risk, attention should be given to improving aerobic fitness in both men and women with elevated body fat, including those with NWO.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30 g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites.

This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these "bottom-up" and "top-down" processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.

The elements of body composition and their correlation with physical activity, body image, and self-esteem are aspects that require in-depth studies. This link should be seen in the context of the percentage of adipose tissue, which can be modeled via physical activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships between the parameters that define body composition, self-esteem, body image, and physical activity according to gender. This study included 100 females and 100 males with an average age of 22 years. The evaluation included anthropometric parameters, body composition, self-esteem, physical activity index, and body image perception assessment. The results show that the males exhibited a higher percentage of exceeding the upper limit of normal and average weight; in contrast, there were two times more females exhibiting normal weight than those exceeding the upper limit. Therefore, obesity was higher among males. The average fitness score values were 69.07 for females and 76.53 for males, and the mean fitness was within normal limits. Regarding body image, according to the BSQ, we observed that both groups were not satisfied with and were concerned about their body shape. With respect to the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the average score for females was 20.27, and for males, it was 19.60; the mean self-esteem value was 66% of the maximum value. In terms of the perceived ideal body size assessed with the Silhouette scale, most of the females were placed at level 3, and the males were placed at level 4. Regarding the physical activity index, females carried out on average 1.5 days of intense physical activity over 7 days, and males were involved in intense physical activity for 2 days. Conclusions: The degree of obesity and therefore the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome were higher in males than in females. Although males have a higher degree of obesity, self-esteem is quantified at a higher level of confidence.

Physical activity refers to all bodily movement performed by an individual from morning to night. Physical activity benefits not only physical health but also mental health. Physical activity benefits university students in many ways.

This study aimed to determine the effects of physical activity on university students' mental health.

A cross-sectional study design was conducted with two hundred sixty-five university students. Physical activity level was determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and mental health among university students was determined using the mental health inventory. Data was collected by online mode. For statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used, while analysis of variance was used to determine the difference between participants as per their physical activity levels classification. Statistically significant was observed at 0.05 level.

The results showed that a statistically positive significant relationship existed between physical activity and mental health (r = 0.343, p = <0.001) and its parameters: anxiety (r = 0.542, p = <0.001), depression (r = 0.691, p = <0.001), positive effects (r = 0.476, p = <0.001), behavioral control (r = 0.174, p = 0.004). While comparing the difference between participants as par physical activity level classification, significant differences existed for anxiety (F = 2.96, p = 0.052), depression (F = 4.23, p = 0.041), positive effects (F = 3.22, p = 0.048), behavioral control (F = 3.14, p = 0.058), and mental health (F = 4.65, p = 0.044).

The findings suggest that interventions promoting physical activity can serve as effective strategies for mental health promotion in academic settings. Universities should consider integrating structured physical activity programs into their curricula and campus life to leverage these mental health benefits.

Spousal involvement in diabetes care is recommended theoretically, but effectiveness in clinical settings and among diverse populations is unclear.

To test the effect of a couple-based intervention among Chinese older patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses.

This multicenter randomized clinical trial comprised 2 arms: a couple-based intervention arm and an individual-based control. The trial was conducted across 14 community health care centers in Guangzhou, China, between September 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022, and included patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes aged 55 years or older. Eligible partners were married to or cohabitated with the patients. Patients who previously participated in type 2 diabetes education courses were excluded, as were couples who both had diabetes, to make a clear distinction between patients and spouses. The data were analyzed between January 2023 and April 2024.

The interventions consisted of 4 weekly group education sessions followed by behavior change booster telephone calls over 2 months that targeted either patients and spouses (ie, intervention arm) or patients alone (ie, control arm). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 and 12 months post intervention.

The primary outcome was hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels for patients and quality of life for their spouses. Collective efficacy and behaviors were secondary outcomes for both patients and spouses. Group comparisons were conducted using multilevel models based on an intention-to-treat approach, with outcome measures assessed for both patients and their spouses.

A total of 207 couples were included in the study, with 106 randomized to the intervention arm and 101 to the control arm. The mean (SD) age of patients was 66.0 (6.5) years, with 105 (50.7%) being men; spouses had similar demographics. Patients' HbA1c levels decreased in both arms over the 12-month follow-up, with no significant between-arm differences (β = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.57 to 0.42). Collective efficacy and collective behavior for patients increased after intervention but with a similar magnitude between arms. None of these measures showed between-arm differences among spouses in either arm. In subgroup analysis, decreases in HbA1c levels were constant and lasting in patients with high baseline HbA1c levels (≥8.0%) with a statistically significant difference.

These findings show that the overall treatment effect of the couple-based intervention was weak. However, the couple-based intervention benefited patients with poor glucose control. Patients' glucose levels, spouses' availability to provide support, and couples' collaborative preferences for mutual or individual diabetes management should be considered in tailoring treatment strategies among older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1900027137.

The role of physical activity (PA) in health promotion is further complimented by its disease preventive value. Future doctors' involvement and advocacy in diverse aspects of such significant role is still under evaluation.

This study aimed to assess medical students' overall PA engagement and their perspective, and to identify whether their level of engagement affects their advocacy and promotion, while discussing related educational innovations and technological advances.

Through a cross-sectional observational study design, stratified sampling from third-, fourth-, and fifth-year medical students attending Nile University, Sudan, during the period from February to April 2020, were included. Descriptive data analysis was done using the SPSS software, and presented including, frequencies, cross-tabulation, Chi-square testing with 95% confidence level, and a P value, after data collection via a structured questionnaire adopting parts of the IPAQ. Study has been reported in line with the STROCSS criteria.

Out of 188 students, 43% males and 57% females, less than half (91, 48.40%) participated in planned PA, and majority (156, 82.98%) agreed with its health-related significance. Few (57, 30.32%) considered academic load as a barrier, and only 20 (10.60%) were not actively promoting PA engagement to others. Most PA participants were males (57.14%), leaning toward group-based activity (54, 59.34%), making regular plans (51, 56.04%) and motivated by self-health promotion (86, 94.51%) (P < 0.05). Despite majority of students (82.98%) agreement on PA's benefits, nearly half (51.60%) do not engage, Similarly, overall advocacy for PA promotion in relation to specific people was not statistically significant (P = 0.21). Embedding PA into undergraduate curriculum, use of PA report cards, exercise prescription training and targeted mentoring, in addition to digital bracelets, smart phone applications and internet-based social media, had positive impact on PA participation and promotion.

Medical students' understanding of PA health related significance did not equate to increase engagement, despite active promotion. Curricular integration of PA should accompany recent innovative educational strategies to increase their participation and advocation. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of technology-based and AI-driven PA in achieving this goal.

Rural adults and children are at higher risk for overweight and obesity. However, there are relatively few lifestyle modification programs available for these high-risk families, mainly because of the difficulty in reaching them. This mindfulness-based motivational interviewing (MM-based-MI) pilot aimed to improve parents' healthy eating index (HEI), collective family efficacy, family satisfaction, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms as well as parent-child dyads' eating patterns, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (BMI).

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in the Midwestern US to examine the feasibility (enrollment, attendance, and attrition), acceptability, and preliminary effects of an MM-based-MI intervention that contained nine sessions of health coaching (1-on-1), while the active-control included nine emailed health handouts sent over an 18-week period.

A total of 46 parents (29 intervention, 17 control; Mage = 38.5 years, 85% female) participated. The enrollment rate, intervention attendance rate, and attrition rate were 12.6%, 79.8%, and 23.9% respectively. Although not statistically significant, compared to the control, the MM-based-MI intervention showed positive effects on improving parents' HEI in terms of increasing total HEI score (Cohen's d = 0.43), vegetable intake (d = 0.41), greens/beans (d = 0.59), protein food (d = 0.82), and self-efficacy in exercise (d = 0.21), as well as decreasing total calories (Kcal, d = -0.58), added sugar (d = -0.50), and depressive symptoms (d = -0.42), while controlling for marital status. Controlling for age, sex, and marital status, intervention children had greater improvement in increasing fiber (d = 0.75) and protein (d = 0.72) intake compared to the active-control group. Moreover, parents in both groups reported improvement (small to large effects) in ↑mindful eating, ↑collective family efficacy, ↑family satisfaction, and ↓perceived stress over time.

Despite some limitations (small sample size, virtual at home measurement), our results support the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of this Mindful Healthy Family program on potentially mitigating some obesogenic behaviors among rural parent-child dyads.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05324969.

Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between "leaky gut syndrome" and low-grade systemic inflammation in individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Gut dysbiosis could increase intestinal permeability, allowing the passage of toxins and bacteria into the systemic circulation, subsequently triggering immune-reactive responses. This study delves into understanding the relationship between plasma markers of intestinal permeability and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the influence of lifestyle habits on these intestinal permeability markers was determined.

Biomarkers of intestinal permeability, namely lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), were analyzed in 242 adult schizophrenia patients enrolled in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study from four centers in Spain (PI17/00246). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including psychoactive drug use, lifestyle habits, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to evaluate schizophrenia symptom severity, and the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry to assess cognitive performance.

Results revealed elevated levels of LBP and LPS in a significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia (62% and 25.6%, respectively). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between these biomarkers and the overall clinical severity of psychotic symptoms or cognitive performance, once confounding variables were controlled for. Interestingly, adherence to a Mediterranean diet was negatively correlated with I-FABP levels (beta = -0.186, t = -2.325, p = 0.021), suggesting a potential positive influence on intestinal barrier function.

These findings underscore the importance of addressing dietary habits and promoting a healthy lifestyle in individuals with schizophrenia, with potential implications for both physical and psychopathological aspects of the disorder.

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology that is proving to be effective in encouraging physical activity (PA) and improving health. Although regular PA has many advantages, physical inactivity continues to be a significant global health concern. Using an ActivPAL for PA assessment, this study examines the effects of an active video game (AVG) using VR on cognitive function among female university students.

We randomly divided 44 sedentary female university students (mean age 21.3 years, SD 1.12 years) into two groups, the control group and VR group. During the study period, the VR group was required to play the Beat Saber VR game for 20 min, while the control group was required to remain quiet. Their cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-Arabic version pre- and post-test, and the PA level and intensity were tracked using the ActivPAL.

There was a significant difference between the MoCA total score pre-test (mean = 22.3, SD = 2.25) and the MoCA total score post-test (mean = 23.4, SD = 2.48), t (23) = 1.87, p = 0.03. The VR game significantly influenced the naming, abstraction, and orientation components of the MoCA scale (all p ≤ 0.05). The intensity of PA generated by the VR game was equivalent to moderate-to-vigorous PA, with a mean of 4.98 metabolic equivalents of task (MET) (SD = 1.20).

The VR game improved the cognitive ability compared to the control group, suggesting that VR games have a positive impact on cognitive function. Physically inactive female university students have been found to benefit from VR games in terms of their cognitive function.

Childhood-onset obesity poses significant health risks, including early-onset type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and reduced quality of life. Hospital-based non-pharmacological obesity care can reduce childhood obesity, but 25% of children do not respond. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, as an add-on to hospital-based obesity care in youth who still have obesity following hospital-based obesity care as children. Furthermore, biomedical and psychosocial factors linked to treatment response will be investigated, alongside an exercise-based strategy to prevent weight regain and maintain a healthy body composition after semaglutide treatment.

This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. We will enrol expectedly 180-270 young adults aged 18-28 years based on their previous response to a paediatric obesity management programme and their current body mass index (BMI). Participants are categorised into four groups: low treatment response (BMI SD score (SDS) reduction <0.10; BMI ≥30 kg/m2); medium treatment response (BMI SDS reduction >0.25; BMI ≥30 kg/m2); high treatment response (BMI SDS reduction >0.50; BMI <30 kg/m2) and a population-based reference group with normal weight development in childhood. Participants with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 are randomised 2:1 to subcutaneous injections of semaglutide 2.4 mg/week or placebo as an add-on to hospital-based obesity care for 68 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in BMI from randomisation to the end of treatment with semaglutide compared with placebo. Secondary endpoints are changes in weight and body composition.

The trial has been approved by the Danish Medicines Agency and the Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-20039422). The trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and follow the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Results will be presented at international scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

EudraCT 2019-002274-31.

Objective: Examine the theoretical impact of reallocating time between self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time, and sleep on psychological distress and mental wellbeing among post-secondary students. Participants: 24,742 post-secondary students (Mage=24.3 ± 7.72 SD years; 66.4% women) from Cycle 1 of the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey. Methods: Cross-sectional isotemporal substitution modeling. Results: Replacing 20 min of screen time with either sleep or MVPA was associated with lower psychological distress, greater mental wellbeing, lower odds of reporting mild-to-severe psychological distress and low mental wellbeing, except for reallocating screen time to sleep among students who exceed the sleep guideline recommendations. Reallocating time between sleep and MVPA revealed noteworthy patterns: replacing sleep with MVPA was associated with greater mental wellbeing but not lower psychological distress. Conclusions: Findings highlight the potential mental health benefits of replacing screen time with sleep or MVPA as an integrative whole day approach to promote campus wellness.

The impact that companion animals may have on adolescent engagement in sports and other activities is currently unclear. This study included participant data gathered from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®, a longitudinal study of brain development and youth health outcomes in the United States (n = 8,489). This study aimed to clarify the extent to which companion animal type impacts family involvement in sports and other activities. Additionally, it is framed within the bioecological model of human development, which provides a useful framework for human-animal interaction researchers going forward. This study utilized multiple logistic and linear regressions in answering the research questions posed. The results indicate that, when adjusting for context- and person-level covariates, there does not appear to be a meaningful relationship between companion animal type and family involvement in sports and other activities, physical activity, or screen time. This study serves as a guidepost for human-animal interaction researchers as to the importance of including contextual variables in their studies before making claims regarding the impact of companion animals on youth, especially when details about the companion animal relationship are unavailable.

The study explores motivational profiles for physical activity, using self-determination theory's full continuum of motivational regulations, and examines their stability over three months. Furthermore, it investigates whether physical environment and community characteristics are associated with transitioning between profiles, as well as the sociodemographic differences in these motivational transition pathways. Data were collected from 305 U.S. residents at three time points. The three profiles-'low in motivation' (23.5 % of the sample in wave 1), 'self-determined motivation' (41.4 %), and 'ambivalent motivation' (35.0 %)-were relatively stable. Staying in the low-in-motivation profile was negatively associated with being active in social settings, community support, perceived environmental restorativeness, and availability of physical activity opportunities. Having a higher education and income, being male, employed, married or in a partnership, and identifying as White were associated with being in a motivationally positive profile in the last wave of the study. These profiles reported higher activity and life satisfaction.

Young Arab American women are at risk for cardiovascular disease, but there is limited data on their physical activity (PA) engagement.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PA and its correlates in young Arab American women. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe self-reported lifestyle PA behaviors of young Arab American women and (2) examine the relationship between their self-reported lifestyle PA, device-measured lifestyle PA (combined moderate/vigorous and steps), and potentially associated factors (demographics, physical measures, individual factors, and behavior cognition factors).

This cross-sectional study was conducted with women 18 to 35 years of age and Arab American (n = 50) in the Midwest Region of the United States. Participants wore ActiGraph GT3X-BT monitors for 7 days; self-report measures included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, demographics, acculturation, discrimination, religiosity, self-efficacy, and social support.

The mean age of participants was 25.5 years (SD: 5.5; range: 18-35). Per ActiGraph, the average daily steps were 5946 (SD: 2783); only 24% met the moderate-intensity PA guidelines. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (B = 0.37; P = .012).

The average daily steps for the young Arab American women in this study were of low active classification. More than 75% of the women failed to meet the recommended weekly moderate/vigorous PA guidelines. Our study supports the importance of targeting and tailoring PA interventions on young Arab American women who have low self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to lifestyle PA.

Most university students do not engage in enough physical activity (PA) despite the known physical and mental health benefits. Action control theories such as the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework have been proposed to better understand the translation of intentions into action by incorporating post-intentional processes. However, the explanatory power of the M-PAC framework beyond traditional social cognitive constructs has received limited attention. This study examined the predictive utility of the M-PAC framework for explaining variance in self-reported and device-measured PA behavior among university students. A total of 2418 undergraduate students (Mean age = 19.1 ± 1.73 [SD] years) completed an online survey that included a self-reported measure of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as constructs outlined in the M-PAC framework: instrumental and affective attitudes, perceived capability and opportunity, behavioral regulation, habit and identity. A subsample (n = 376) also wore an ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven full days to assess MVPA. Robust linear regression models were computed to investigate associations between M-PAC framework constructs and PA behavior. Findings showed the M-PAC framework explained as high as 14.3 % and 37.9 % of the variance in device-measured and self-reported MVPA, respectively. Regulatory (behavioral regulation), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA when examining the full M-PAC framework, whereas the role identity dimension of PA identity was the only significant predictor of device-assessed MVPA. Taken together, these results reinforce the importance of post-intentional processes, specifically role identity, in understanding PA behavior among university students.

Both physical inactivity and loneliness are public health threats bringing huge costs to society and quality of life. The two health challenges often co-exist, suggesting physically inactive and lonely individuals to be a high-risk group. Health literacy as a concept is understood as a modifiable health determinant, and it has been proposed for promoting equity in future health promotion.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between health literacy and loneliness among physically inactive adults.

A representative sample of 6,196 Danish adults, aged 18-65 years, was invited to a screening on a set of health outcomes for physical inactivity, which was based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. A total of 1,033 adults were classified as physically inactive and therefore received the full questionnaire screening on a set of different health outcomes including the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Three-Item Loneliness Scale (T-ILS). Two statistical approaches were applied: (1) health literacy expressed as nine different continuous variables corresponding to the domains of HLQ using logistic regressions analyses to examine the association between health literacy and loneliness; (2) health literacy expressed as nine different binary variables showing proportions of low literacy among lonely versus non-lonely participants. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata/IC version 16.1.

Among a sample of 1,010 physically inactive adults, 23.7% felt lonely with a T-ILS score below ≥7. Regression analyses predicted a negative association between health literacy and loneliness in all HLQ domains, after adjusting for gender, age, education, and occupation. Adjusted ORs ranged from 0.21 (95% CI: 0.16; 0.27) to 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57; 0.83) in domains 1-5 and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.41; 0.61) to 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55; 0.89) in domains 6-9. A similar pattern was found in the analysis with health literacy as a binary variable as the proportions of low health literacy were the highest among persons with loneliness in all HLQ domains.

Even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, a negative association was predicted between health literacy and loneliness in physically inactive adults. This suggests that strategies for improving physical activity among inactive individuals might be more effective if they include a focus on enhancing health literacy and addressing loneliness.

The effectiveness of Brief Interventions (BIs) for hazardous drinking is well established. However, the implementation of BIs at scale in low- and middle-income countries such as India is rare, primarily due to human resource related barriers. This paper describes the testing of acceptability and feasibility, and the preliminary impact, of a mobile phone delivered BI in an uncontrolled treatment cohort and nested qualitative study. Consenting adult (≥18 years) participants with an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score between 8 to 15 were recruited from educational institutions, workplaces and primary care settings. The TLFB (Time-Line Follow Back) was administered to participants at baseline and 3 months post recruitment. All participants received the BI through text messages or IVR (Interactive Voice Response) over eight weeks; and in-depth interviews were conducted with some participants. The mean pre and post outcomes were compared using paired t-test. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analyses. 29 participants received the intervention and 16 (55%) completed the outcome assessments. Some key qualitative findings indicated the desire from participants for fewer messages and messages that did not require interaction; and more messages with motivational content and information on practical skills to reduce drinking. The percentage days abstinent was significantly higher at follow up than baseline in all those who had completed the TLFB at baseline and follow up. Feasibility and acceptability testing is an important component of the intervention development process to ensure that the resulting intervention is suitable for the context.

Research on the relationship between dietary phytochemical intake and the anthropometric indices as well as the diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with the novel anthropometric indices and the severity of DFUs.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 339 adults with type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls. To quantify the phytochemical content of the diet, the DPI estimation was done through an equation proposed by McCarty. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) criteria and Wagner classification system were applied to assess DFUs. New anthropometric indices including a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) were calculated based on formulas. We employed analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and logistic regression to explore associations between DPI and the anthropometric indices and DFU variables.

Our results revealed no significant association between DPI and the foot ulcer indices, following adjusting for the possible covariates. Furthermore, we also examined the relationship between diabetic neuropathy, as measured by monofilament score, and the DPI. Similarly, we did not find any substantial relationship between the DPI and monofilament score (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.66-2.09; Ptrend = 0.56), as well as biochemical indices. Our analysis did not reveal any significant associations between the DPI and ABSI (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.35-1.38; Ptrend = 0.30), BRI (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.33-1.95; Ptrend = 0.59), and AVI (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 0.92-4.33; Ptrend = 0.08).

Our study revealed no significant links between the DPI and foot ulcer indices, neuropathy measures, and anthropometric indices. These findings imply that factors beyond dietary phytochemical intake may exert greater influence on the development of foot ulcers in diabetes.

China's plasmapheresis donation policy differs from that of Western countries. The association between regular plasmapheresis donation and donor health in China is still unknown.

To investigate the association of regular plasmapheresis donation with serum protein and electrolyte levels and provide scientific evidence for policy improvement.

Multicentre cross-sectional study.

A total of 767 regular and 726 new donors from the provinces of Sichuan, Hunan, Henan and Yunnan were recruited from September 2021 to October 2022.

Our primary outcome focused on measuring the levels of serum protein and electrolyte levels, including total serum protein (TSP), IgG, albumin (Alb), haemoglobin (Hb), calcium, potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The secondary outcome assessed their abnormal rates.

Male and female donors in the high donation frequency group (>16 donations per year) exhibited lower IgG levels compared with new donors (p=0.008 for male donors and p=0.007 for female donors). Additionally, female donors with high donation frequency and a high total number of lifetime donations (>100 donations) had significantly lower Hb concentrations than new donors. However, no significant changes were observed in TSP, Alb, calcium, K+ and Mg2+ levels. There were also no statistically significant differences in the rates of abnormal protein and electrolyte values below the respective threshold levels between new and regular donors.

Plasmapheresis donation is not associated with an increased risk of abnormalities in the analysed parameters. However, the results provide preliminary evidence supporting the routine inclusion of IgG screening for donors, as plasmapheresis donation is associated with a decrease in IgG levels. Particular attention should be paid to the Hb levels of female donors, especially those who donate frequently. Testing of TSP at each donation may not be necessary.