Childhood trauma and factors associated with depression among inpatients with cardiovascular disease

Table 1 Factors associated with positive screening for depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale - depression subscale score ≥ 8) in inpatients with cardiovascular diseases (n = 137) n (%)

	Screening for depression		Missing data (%)	P value
	Yes	No
Sociodemographic variables
Gender
Male	15 (39.5)	77 (77.8)	-	< 0.001a
Female	23 (60.5)	22 (22.2)	-
Age, mean (SD)	53.7 ± 11.4	51.5 ± 12.8	-	0.444
Elder (aged ≥ 60 yr)	15 (39.5)	24 (24.2)	-	0.077
Educational level in years (mean ± SD)	7.4 ± 4.4	8.5 ± 4.3	1.5	0.035b
Married/lives with partner	25 (65.8)	70 (70.7)	0.7	0.723
Lives alone	3 (8.1)	9 (9.1)	0.7	0.857
Any son	34 (91.9)	83 (84.7)	1.5	0.272
Unemployed	9 (24.3)	23 (23.5)	1.5	0.917
Religion	35 (94.6)	91 (91.9)	0.7	0.595
Clinical variables
No of previous hospital admissions, mean (SD)	7.6 ± 9.1	5 ± 5.2	5.8	0.07b
CAD	18 (47.4)	58 (58.6)	-	0.237
Congestive heart failure	12 (31.6)	31 (31.3)	-	0.976
Cardiac arrhythymia	5 (13.3)	10 (10.1)	-	0.76
Hypertension	19 (50)	56 (56.6)	-	0.489
Diabetes mellitus	5 (13.2)	18 (18.2)	-	0.481
Pain level, mean (SD)	2.2 ± 2.9	1.3 ± 2.4	0.7	0.136
Propranolol	8 (21.1)	12 (13.5)	8.0	0.255
Dependence in basic ADL	10 (26.3)	14 (14.1)	0.7	0.09
Dependence in instrumental ADL	2 (22.2)	4 (17.4)	76.6	0.753
Psychosocial variables
Family history of mental disorder	18 (47.4)	20 (20.2)	-	0.001a
Previous suicide attempt	11 (28.9)	8 (8.2)	0.7	0.002a
Moderate to severe nicotine dependence	7 (18.4)	10 (10.1)	-	0.186
Problematic alcohol use	7 (30.4)	13 (18.84)	32.8	0.243
Resilience score, WYS mean (SD)	138.5 ± 14.5	144.9 ± 14.9	2.9	0.029b
Childhood trauma score, CTQ mean (SD)	46.4 ± 20.1	37.5 ± 12.6	8.8	0.004b

^aχ² test significant if P < 0.05;

^bMann-Whitney test significant if P < 0.05. CAD: Coronary arterial disease; ADL: Activities of daily living; WYS: Wagnild and Young Scale; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with positive screening for depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale - depression subscale score ≥ 8) in inpatients with coronary arterial disease

Variable	B	EP	Wald	OR	95%CI	P
Moderate to severe nicotine dependence	2.15	6.91	7.135	8.58	1.77-41.57	0.008
No of previous hospital admissions	0.106	0.06	4.505	1.11	1.01-1.23	0.034
High childhood trauma severity (CTQ)	0.06	0.02	8.2	1.06	1.02-1.11	0.004
Constant	-4.664	0.01	16.141	0.01	0.00-0.09	< 0.001

χ²: 17.974, P < 0.001, D.f. = 1; Nagelkerke R²: 0.33. CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.