Catatonia: Our current understanding of its diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology

Table 1 Frequency of various catatonic signs in our series of 220 consecutive catatonic cases

Sign	% of patients
Immobility	97
Mutism	97
Withdrawal and refusal to eat	91
Staring	87
Negativism	67
Posturing	58
Rigidity	54
Waxy flexibility/catalepsy	27
Stereotypy	25
Echolalia or echopraxia	14
Verbigeration	14

Table 2 Rates of response to lorazepam treatment in catatonic patients with various underlying diagnoses

Diagnosis	Patients responding (%)
Bipolar disorder (n = 31)	97
Unipolar depression (n = 30)	93
Other psychoses (n = 24)	92
Medical/neurological condition (n = 11)	82
Schizophrenia (n = 22)	59