Poor CD4 count is a predictor of untreated depression in human immunodeficiency virus-positive African-Americans

Table 1 Demographic and behavioral characteristics of study participants with and without a CD4 count of < 350 cells/mm³

Characteristics	CD4 count >350	CD4 count < 350	P
	(n = 102)	(n = 45)
	%	%
Gender
Male	62.75	51.11	0.19
Female	37.25	48.89
Age groups (yr)
< 35	12.75	17.78	0.16
35-55	65.69	73.33
> 55	21.57	8.89
Monthly income ($)
0-200	35.11	27.27	0.72
204-670	15.96	22.73
672-739	25.53	25
743-2650	23.4	25
Educational status1
College	22.22	42.31	0.049
No college	77.78	57.69
HIV treatment adherence
No	20.59	44.44	0.004
Yes	50	44.44
Unknown	29.41	11.11
Substance abuse
No	38.24	44.44	0.48
Yes	61.76	55.56
Problem drinking
No	63.73	61.36	0.79
Yes	36.27	38.64
Depression
No	66.67	46.67	0.02
Yes (treated)	24.51	28.89
Yes (untreated)	8.82	24.44

¹Data on education was missing in 49 patients. HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Demographic and behavioral characteristics of study participants with or without depression

Characteristics	No MDD	MDD treated	MDD untreated	P
	(n = 89)	(n = 38)	(n = 20)
	(%)	(%)	(%)
Gender
Male	63.27	50	60	0.35
Female	36.73	50	40
Age groups
> 55	24.49	5	15	0.12
35-55	62.24	77.5	70
< 35	13.27	17.5	15
Monthly income
0-200	32.61	30.77	33.33	0.32
204-670	17.39	25.64	5.56
672-739	21.74	30.77	27.78
743-2650	28.26	12.82	33.33
Educational status
No college	70.59	78.57	72.73	0.73
College	29.41	21.43	27.27
Accommodation
Yes	60.42	72.50	70	0.35
No	39.58	27.50	30
HIV treatment adherence
No	26.53	25	45	0.51
Yes	48.98	52.50	40
Unknown	24.49	22.50	15
Substance abuse
No	41.84	30	45	0.37
Yes	58.16	70	55
Problem drinking
No	72.45	53.85	45	0.02
Yes	27.55	46.15	55

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; MDD: Major depressive disorder.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors for lower CD4 count of < 350 cells/mm³

Characteristic	OR (P-value, 95%CI)	AOR (P-value, 95%CI)1
Depression
No	REF	REF
Yes (treated)	1.68 (0.22, 0.73-3.87)	1.35 (0.52, 0.54-3.38)
Yes (Untreated)	3.96 (0.008, 1.44-10.88)	3.12 (0.04, 1.07-9.11)
Age
> 55	REF	REF
35-55	2.71 (0.09, 0.86-8.54)	3.22 (0.03, 1.14-9.11)
< 35	3.38 (0.09, 0.85-13.55)	4.25 (0.03, 1.15-15.69)
Gender
Male	REF	REF
Female	1.61 (0.19, 0.79-3.28)	1.48 (0.33, 0.68-3.21)
HIV treatment adherence
No	REF	REF
Yes	0.41 (0.03, 0.18-0.92)	0.38 (0.03, 0.17-0.89)
Unknown	0.18 (0.003, 0.06-0.54)	0.17 (< 0.01, 0.05-0.57)

¹Model includes: MDD, age sex and adherence. REF: Reference category; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; MDD: Major depressive disorder; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio.