Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up

Table 1 Diagnostic interview schedule for children-computed bipolar diagnoses in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder group and local normative comparison group at 6, 8, 12, and 14 years follow-ups

	ADHD			LNCG
	Mania	Hypomania	Prevalence (%)	Mania	Hypomania	Prevalence (%)
6 yr	1	1	0.45	0	0	0
8 yr	2	3	1.38	1	1	0.93
12 yr	1	2	0.79	1	0	0.42
14 yr	1	0	0.24	0	1	0.41
Total	5	6	1.89	2	2	1.38

ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; LNCG: Local normative comparison group.

Table 2 Diagnostic interview schedule for children-bipolar diagnosis consistency at 6, 8, 12, and 14 years follow-ups

		6 yr	8 yr	12 yr	14 yr	Total
LNCG	Manic	Missing	Yes	No	No	2
		No	No	Yes	No
	Hypomanic	No	Yes	No	No	2
		No	No	No	Yes
ADHD	Manic	Yes	No	No	No
		No	Yes	Missing	No
		No	Yes	No	No	5
		No	No	Yes	No
		No	No	No	Yes
	Hypomanic	Yes	No	No	No
		No	Yes	No	No
		No	Yes	No	No	6
		No	Yes	No	No
		No	Missing	Yes	No
		No	No	Yes	No

ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; LNCG: Local normative comparison group.

Table 3 Diagnostic interview schedule for children bipolar mania total symptoms count in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and local normative comparison group

Assessment point	ADHD		LNCG		DF	F ratio	P values
	n	Mean ± SD	n	Mean ± SD
6 yr	441	3.38 ± 2.54	246	1.85 ± 1.93	1687	68.58	< 0.0001
8 yr	360	2.89 ± 2.3	219	1.45 ± 1.69	1578	63.70	< 0.0001
12 yr	378	3.05 ± 2.85	236	1.77 ± 2.07	1613	35.80	< 0.0001
14 yr	420	2.64 ± 2.59	242	1.72 ± 2.00	1661	22.51	< 0.0001
TSC Over Time	579	3.0 ± 0			32538	63.9	< 0.0001

ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; LNCG: Local normative comparison group; TSC: Total symptoms count.