Comprehensive neurocognitive assessment of patients with anorexia nervosa

Table 1 Clinical characteristics

	AN	HC	F	P	Cohen’s d
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Age	22.81 (6.67)	22.46 (3.16)	0.06	0.81	0.07
WTAR	104.77 (8.11)	106.19 (7.11)	0.46	0.50	0.19
BMI	16.63 (1.19)	22.60 (3.53)	67.08	< 0.01	2.27
Illness duration	6.42 (7.43)	-	-	-	-
Age of illness onset	16.04 (3.40)	-	-	-	-
EDE-Q restraint	3.93 (1.42)	0.58 (0.63)	116.84	< 0.01	3.05
EDE-Q eating concern	3.78 (1.24)	0.25 (0.31)	188.56	< 0.01	3.91
EDE-Q shape concern	5.01 (0.90)	1.17 (0.84)	236.44	< 0.01	4.41
EDE-Q weight concern	4.50 (1.41)	0.66 (0.82)	136.11	< 0.01	3.33
EDE-Q global score	4.30 (1.12)	0.67 (0.54)	211.44	< 0.01	4.13

AN: Anorexia nervosa; HC: Healthy control; WTAR: Wechsler Test of Adult Reading; BMI: Body mass index; Age: Illness duration and age of illness onset reported in years; EDE-Q: Eating disorders examination questionnaire.

Table 2 Cognitive domain scores

	AN	HC	F	P	Cohen’s d
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Speed of processing	57.42 (9.75)	59.85 (7.80)	1.01	0.32	0.28
Attention/vigilance	43.42 (8.08)	46.85 (8.47)	2.27	0.14	0.41
Working memory	56.12 (9.68)	58.56 (9.33)	0.87	0.36	0.26
Verbal learning	53.38 (10.33)	50.33 (8.19)	1.42	0.24	0.33
Visual learning	54.85 (6.25)	56.59 (9.77)	0.60	0.44	0.21
Reasoning and problem solving	55.15 (8.29)	58.11 (7.11)	1.95	0.17	0.38
Social cognition	49.42 (6.93)	48.07 (10.86)	0.29	0.59	0.15
Overall composite	54.31 (7.97)	56.19 (7.03)	0.83	0.37	0.25

AN: Anorexia nervosa; HC: Healthy control.

Table 3 Specific task scores

	AN	HC	F	P	Cohen’s d
	M (SD)	M (SD)
Speed of processing
BACS SC	63.23 (9.80)	68.11 (9.19)	3.50	0.07	0.51
Fluency	28.19 (6.43)	27.19 (5.54)	0.37	0.54	0.17
TMT-A	23.62 (57.50)	21.30 (4.83)	2.54	0.12	0.44
Attention/vigilance
CPT-IP
Hits proportion	0.82 (0.10)	0.86 (0.09)	1.65	0.21	0.42
Hits reaction time	550.25 (60.43)	533.05 (51.08)	1.26	0.27	0.31
False alarms proportion	0.11 (0.05)	0.09 (0.06)	1.04	0.31	0.36
False alarms reaction time	508.08 (147.39)	369.98 (133.55)	12.80	< 0.01	0.98
Random responses proportion	0.01 (0.01)	0.01 (0.01)	1.96	0.17	0.00
DPRIME score	2.55 (0.54)	2.78 (0.56)	2.37	0.13	0.42
Working memory
WMS®-III
Forward score	9.65 (2.30)	10.3 (1.88)	1.25	0.27	0.31
Backward score	9.12 (1.80)	10.3 (1.75)	5.88	0.02	0.67
Total score	18.77 (3.54)	20.59 (2.94)	4.18	0.05	0.56
LNS	17.38 (2.82)	16.74 (2.97)	0.66	0.42	0.22
Verbal learning
HVLT-R™
Total recall	29.38 (4.01)	28.07 (3.82)	1.48	0.23	0.34
Delayed recall	13.42 (17.74)	9.96 (1.63)	1.02	0.32	0.23
Delayed retention	92.80 (14.13)	91.98 (14.59)	0.04	0.84	0.06
Delayed recognition	11.04 (0.96)	10.93 (1.33)	0.12	0.73	0.10
Visual learning
BVMT-R™	28.62 (3.98)	29.78 (6.23)	0.65	0.42	0.22
Reasoning and problem solving
NAB®: Mazes	22.46 (3.43)	23.70 (2.63)	2.20	0.14	0.41
Social cognition
MSCEIT™: Managing emotions	96.98 (5.92)	95.41 (9.57)	0.51	0.48	0.20

AN: Anorexia nervosa; HC: Healthy control; BACS SC: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia: Symbol Coding; Fluency: Category Fluency: Animal Naming; TMT-A: Trail Making Task Part A reported in seconds; CPT-IP: Continuous Performance Test - Identical Pairs; WMS^®-III: Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS^®-III): Spatial Span; LNS: Letter Number Span; HVLT-R™: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised; NAB^®: Mazes: Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes task; MSCEIT™: Managing Emotions: Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: Managing Emotions; reaction times on the CPT-IP reported in milliseconds.