Treating comorbid anxiety and depression: Psychosocial and pharmacological approaches

Table 1 Descriptions of studies conducted in support of theoretical model

	n	Treatments	Diagnosis	Response rates
Avoidance model
Integrative therapy	24	CBT + SL vs CBT + I/EP	GAD	CBT + SL = 66.7%
Newman et al[16]		14 sessions		CBT + I/EP = 83.3%
Intolerance of uncertainty model
Ladouceur et al[81]	26	CBT vs wait list	GAD	CBT = 77%
Metacognitive model
Wells and King[19]	10	MCT	GAD	87.5%
				MCT = 80%
Wells et al[20]	20	MCT vs AR	GAD	AR = 10%
Acceptance based model
Roemer et al[23]	31	ABBT vs wait list	GAD	ABBT = 78%
				Wait list = 17%
TDCRP
Elkin et al[34]	50	CBT		CBT = 40%; 58%
	56	IPT	MDD	IPT = 47%; 60%
	49	IMI-CM		IMI = 49%; 61%
	50	PLA-CM		PLA = 26%; 50%
Cognitive model
Thoma et al[28] (meta-anlaysis)	29	CBT vs wait list	MDD/minor depression/dysthymia	ES = 0.90
	18	CBT vs TAU		ES = 0.40
	26	CBT vs other1		ES = 0.05
	23	CBT vs medication		ES = 0.10
Behavioral activation
Dimidjian et al[31]	45	CT		High severity
	43	BA	MDD	CT = 56%; 48%
	100	ADM		BA = 60%; 76%
	53	PLA	High and low severity	ADM = 40%, 49%
Interpersonal psychotherapy model				26 wk
Peeters et al[37]	63	CT	MDD	CT = 41%; ES = 1.3
	56	IPT	Nonrandomized trial	IPT = 39%; ES = 1.5
	34	CT-PHT		CT-PHT = 35%; ES = 1.0
	21	IPT-PHT		IPT-PHT = 33%; ES = 1.0

First percentage refers to response rates using Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression while second refers response rates using Beck Depression Inventory.

¹Other treatments include psychodynamic, behavior, humanistic and interpersonal psychotherapy. CBT: Cognitive behavior therapy; SL: Supportive listening; I/EP: Interpersonal and emotional processing; MCT: Metacognitive therapy; AR: Applied relaxation; ABBT: Acceptance-based behavior therapy; IPT: Interpersonal therapy; IMI-CM: Imipramine plus clinical management; PLA-CM: Placebo plus clinical management; TAU: Treatment as usual; ADM: Antidepressant medication; PHT: Pharmacotherapy.