Contribution of attachment insecurity to health-related quality of life in depressed patients

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the sample n (%)

Characteristic	n = 67
Gender
Male	29 (43.3)
Female	38 (56.7)
Marital status
Single	25 (37.3)
Married	32 (47.8)
Divorced/widowed	10 (14.9)
Employment status
Employed	38 (58.2)
Unemployed	28 (41.8)
Age (yr), mean ± SD	44.5 ± 15.3
Education (yr), mean ± SD	13.9 ± 2.5
BDI, mean ± SD	11.9 ± 6.2
Q-LES-Q, mean ± SD	44.2 ± 8.0

BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; Q-LES-Q: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.

Table 2 Beck Depression Inventory and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire scores across the attachment styles (mean ± SD)

Variable	Attachment style1			ANOVA F-value	Tukey post-hoc single comparisons
	Secure (n = 32)	Anxious/ambivalent(n = 12)	Avoidant (n = 23)
BDI	9.7 ± 5.4	14.0 ± 6.1	13.8 ± 6.5	4.13a	A/A > S, A > S, A/A = A
Q-LES-Q	48.5 ± 6.9	42.2 ± 8.4	41.9 ± 8.7	5.69b	A/A < S, A < S, A/A = A

¹Hazan and Shaver classification of adult attachment styles. S: Secure; A/A: Anxious/ambivalent; A: Avoidant; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; Q-LES-Q: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01.

Table 3 Pearson correlations between attachment styles and Beck Depression Inventory and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire scores

Variable	Quality of life	Depression
Secure1	0.197	-0.202
Anxious/ambivalent1	-0.387b	0.401d
Avoidant1	-0.211	0.191
Depression	-0.427b	1.000

¹Hazan and Shaver classification of adult attachment styles.

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001.

Table 4 Regression model for predicting health-related quality of life from attachment styles and depression severity

Independent variables	β	t-value(β= 0)	P value	Total % variance accounting for
Predictors
Anxious/ambivalent attachment	-0.25	3.56	< 0.001	21.4
BDI	-0.63	7.51	< 0.0001	29.7
Excluded variables
Gender	0.01	0.02	0.99	--
Marital status	0.07	0.93	0.35	--
Employment	0.02	0.91	0.31	--

Model properties: R² = 0.79; adjusted R² = 0.77, F (5, 67) = 33.68, P < 0.0001. BDI: Beck Depression Inventory.