Analysis of psychological problems and intervention effects in patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography neurointervention: A retrospective study

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristic	Overall (n = 328)	Intervention group (n = 168)	Routine care group (n = 160)	χ2/t value	P value
Age (years)	58.7 ± 10.4	57.9 ± 10.1	59.5 ± 10.7	-1.389	0.166
Sex				0.127	0.722
Male	198 (60.4)	103 (61.3)	95 (59.4)
Female	130 (39.6)	65 (38.7)	65 (40.6)
Education level				1.045	0.593
High school and below	185 (56.4)	98 (58.3)	87 (54.4)
College degree and above	143 (43.6)	70 (41.7)	73 (45.6)
Patient type				0.335	0.954
Acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy	135 (41.2)	70 (41.7)	65 (40.6)
Intracranial aneurysm embolization	116 (35.4)	56 (33.3)	60 (37.5)
Intracranial/extracranial artery stenosis stenting	50 (15.2)	28 (16.7)	22 (13.8)
Cerebral vascular malformation embolization	27 (8.2)	14 (8.3)	13 (8.1)
Number of comorbidities	1.8 ± 1.1	1.7 ± 1.0	1.9 ± 1.2	1.672	0.095

Table 2 Comparison of pre-discharge psychological scale scores between the two groups, mean ± SD

Scale	Intervention group (n = 168)	Routine care group (n = 160)	t value	P value
SAS score	42.1 ± 7.8	48.6 ± 9.2	-7.125	< 0.001
SDS score	43.5 ± 8.4	49.3 ± 9.7	-6.052	< 0.001
SSRS score	41.2 ± 6.3	37.8 ± 7.1	4.728	< 0.001

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; SSRS: Social Support Rating Scale.

Table 3 Comparison of pre-discharge anxiety and depression detection rates between the two groups, n (%)

Psychological problem	Intervention group (n = 168)	Routine care group (n = 160)	χ2 value	P value
Anxiety (SAS ≥ 50)	36 (21.4)	75 (46.9)	24.624	< 0.001
Mild	28 (16.7)	55 (34.4)
Moderate to severe	8 (4.8)	20 (12.5)
Depression (SDS ≥ 53)	44 (26.2)	77 (48.1)	17.469	< 0.001
Mild	35 (20.8)	58 (36.3)
Moderate to severe	9 (5.4)	19 (11.9)

SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing pre-discharge anxiety (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale ≥ 50) in patients

Variable	β value	SE	Wald χ2 value	P value	OR	95%CI
Receiving psychological intervention (yes vs no)	-1.139	0.257	19.664	< 0.001	0.32	0.19-0.53
Social support (low vs medium-high)	1.054	0.275	14.692	< 0.001	2.87	1.68-4.90
Sex (female vs male)	0.598	0.248	5.813	0.016	1.82	1.12-2.96
Age (per 10-year increase)	-0.182	0.119	2.338	0.126	0.83	0.66-1.05
Education level (college and above vs high school and below)	-0.321	0.251	1.636	0.201	0.73	0.44-1.19
Surgery type (neurointervention vs cardiac)	0.402	0.285	1.991	0.158	1.49	0.86-2.61
Surgery type (peripheral intervention vs cardiac)	0.105	0.377	0.078	0.780	1.11	0.53-2.33
Constant	-1.234	0.489	6.364	0.012	0.29

Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ² = 7.203, P = 0.515, indicating good model fit. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.