Psychological resilience and self-control in individuals at high risk of stroke: A mental health-focused study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (n = 1000)

Characteristic	Category	n (%) or mean ± SD
Age (years)		58.34 ± 9.76
	40-54	312 (31.2)
	55-64	384 (38.4)
	65-75	304 (30.4)
Sex	Male	542 (54.2)
	Female	458 (45.8)
Ethnicity	Han Chinese	936 (93.6)
	Minority/other	64 (6.4)
Marital status	Married	817 (81.7)
	Divorced/separated	73 (7.3)
	Widowed	68 (6.8)
	Never married	42 (4.2)
Education	Primary or below	185 (18.5)
	Middle school	312 (31.2)
	High school	287 (28.7)
	College or above	216 (21.6)
Employment	Employed	423 (42.3)
	Retired	439 (43.9)
	Unemployed	138 (13.8)
Monthly income (yuan)	< 3000	234 (23.4)
	3000-5000	357 (35.7)
	5001-8000	268 (26.8)
	> 8000	141 (14.1)
BMI (kg/m2)		26.34 ± 3.45
Smoking status	Current	316 (31.6)
	Former	248 (24.8)
	Never	436 (43.6)
Alcohol use	Non-drinker	427 (42.7)
	Occasional	335 (33.5)
	Regular	238 (23.8)
Hypertension	Yes	743 (74.3)
Diabetes	Yes	389 (38.9)
Dyslipidemia	Yes	526 (52.6)
Number of risk factors	1	314 (31.4)
	2	427 (42.7)
	≥ 3	259 (25.9)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Descriptive statistics and correlations among study variables (n = 1000)

Variable	Mean	SD	Range	1	2	3
Proactive health behaviors	67.23	12.45	28-98	-
Psychological resilience	28.76	6.34	8-40	0.562c	-
Self-management ability	98.45	16.78	45-137	0.647c	0.534c	-

^cP < 0.001.

Table 3 Mediation analysis results: Psychological resilience as mediator (n = 1000)

Path and effect	B	SE	β	t	95%CI	P value
Total effect (c)
PHB → SMA	0.702	0.032	0.521	21.938	0.639-0.765	< 0.001
Path a
PHB → PR	0.286	0.016	0.564	17.875	0.255-0.317	< 0.001
Model R2	0.342
Path b and c’
PR → SMA	0.692	0.067	0.261	10.328	0.561-0.823	< 0.001
PHB → SMA (direct, c’)	0.504	0.034	0.374	14.824	0.437-0.571	< 0.001
Model R2	0.528
Indirect effect (a × b)	0.198	0.018	-	-	0.165-0.2341	-
Proportion mediated	28.2%

¹Bootstrap confidence interval (10000 samples).

All models were controlled for age, sex, education, income, body mass index, and the number of comorbidities.CI: Confidence interval; PHB: Proactive health behavior; SMA: Self-management ability; PR: Psychological resilience.