Anatomical specificity of post-stroke depression: Subcortical lesions, age-related patterns, and predictors of treatment response

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Combined traditional Chinese medicine (n = 128)	Conventional (n = 128)	t/χ2	P value
Gender (man/female)	76/52	72/56	0.256	0.613
Age (years)	58.5 ± 9.0	59.3 ± 9.2	0.716	0.475
Disease duration (days)	41.2 ± 14.8	42.0 ± 15.6	0.425	0.671
Hypertension	82 (64.1)	86 (67.2)	0.282	0.596
Diabetes	46 (35.9)	50 (39.1)	0.276	0.599
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.7 ± 3.1	24.9 ± 3.3	0.512	0.609
Smoking	39 (30.5)	42 (32.8)	0.178	0.673
Alcohol use	34 (26.6)	37 (28.9)	0.189	0.664
Previous stroke	18 (14.1)	21 (16.4)	0.295	0.587
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (points)	6.8 ± 2.4	7.0 ± 2.5	0.667	0.506
Education (years)	10.2 ± 3.5	9.9 ± 3.7	0.683	0.495
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score (points)	22.3 ± 5.4	21.9 ± 5.6	0.586	0.558
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (points)	24.5 ± 5.9	23.9 ± 6.1	0.805	0.422

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis of treatment response

Variable	B	SE	Odds ratio (95%CI)	Wald	P value
Gender (male = 1)	-0.186	0.285	0.83 (0.47-1.46)	0.426	0.514
Age	-0.032	0.015	0.97 (0.94-1.00)	4.556	0.033
Disease duration	-0.025	0.010	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	6.250	0.012
Combined traditional Chinese medicine (yes = 1)	1.386	0.298	4.00 (2.23-7.18)	21.645	< 0.001
Hypertension (yes = 1)	-0.586	0.296	0.56 (0.31-1.00)	3.918	0.048
Baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score	-0.086	0.028	0.92 (0.87-0.97)	9.439	0.002
Baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score	-0.065	0.025	0.94 (0.89-0.99)	6.760	0.009

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of treatment response

Variable	B	SE	Odds ratio (95%CI)	Wald	P value
Combined traditional Chinese medicine (yes = 1)	1.230	0.312	3.42 (1.86-6.29)	15.562	< 0.001
Baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score	-0.085	0.030	0.92 (0.87-0.97)	8.028	0.005
Disease duration	-0.022	0.011	0.98 (0.96-0.99)	4.000	0.046
Hypertension (yes = 1)	-0.654	0.315	0.52 (0.28-0.96)	4.312	0.038

Model χ² = 42.86, P < 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ² = 6.425, P = 0.598; Nagelkerke R² =0.235.

Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale/Hamilton Depression Rating Scale improvement scores

Variable	B	SE	β	t value	P value
Constant	5.862	2.156	-	2.719	0.007
Combined traditional Chinese medicine (yes = 1)	4.125	0.526	0.385	7.842	< 0.001
Baseline symptom severity	0.286	0.048	0.312	5.958	< 0.001
Age	-0.085	0.028	-0.168	-3.036	0.003
Disease duration	-0.046	0.018	-0.145	-2.556	0.011

F = 47.25, P < 0.001; adjusted R² = 0.426.

Table 5 Detailed comparison of clinical characteristics and psychiatric symptoms by infarct location, mean ± SD/n (%)

Infarct location		Infarct volume (mL)	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score	Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score	Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score	Comorbidity rate (%)	Response rate (%)
Frontal lobe	34 (13.3)	18.6 ± 8.4	7.2 ± 2.6	23.1 ± 5.8	24.5 ± 6.1	73.5	76.5
Temporal lobe	28 (10.9)	15.2 ± 7.1	6.5 ± 2.3	21.4 ± 5.2	22.8 ± 5.4	67.9	78.6
Parietal lobe	20 (7.8)	12.8 ± 6.2	5.9 ± 2.1	20.8 ± 5.0	21.6 ± 5.2	65.0	80.0
Basal ganglia/internal capsule	76 (29.7)	8.5 ± 4.2	7.8 ± 2.7	22.8 ± 5.7	26.2 ± 6.4c	71.1	72.4
Thalamus	36 (14.1)	6.2 ± 3.1	6.3 ± 2.4	21.9 ± 5.4	25.1 ± 6.0b	69.4	75.0
Occipital lobe	18 (7.0)	10.4 ± 5.8	5.2 ± 1.9	20.2 ± 4.9	21.8 ± 5.3	61.1	83.3
Pons	26 (10.2)	3.8 ± 2.1	8.1 ± 2.8	22.3 ± 5.6	22.9 ± 5.9	69.2	76.9
Cerebellum	18 (7.0)	5.6 ± 2.8	6.8 ± 2.5	21.2 ± 5.3	21.5 ± 5.6	66.7	77.8
F/χ2/P value	-	28.45/< 0.001	6.82/< 0.001	1.28/0.264	10.52/< 0.001	3.25/0.862	3.82/0.801

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001 vs cerebral cortical lesions (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes combined).

Comorbidity rate: Percentage of patients with both anxiety and depression (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ≥ 14 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ≥ 17). Response rate: Percentage of patients achieving favorable treatment response. Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance for continuous variables, χ² test for categorical variables.