Post-interventional anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i8.119007

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 16, Issue 8

This Article

(1)

(0)

(2)

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Psychiatry

ISSN

2220-3206

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2026; 16(8): 119007
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i8.119007

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 228), n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Total sample (n = 228)	No depression (n = 141)	Depression (n = 87)	P value
Demographics
Age, years	67.4 ± 12.8	66.9 ± 13.1	68.2 ± 12.3	0.446
Female sex	98 (43.0)	50 (35.5)	48 (55.2)	0.003^a
Married/partnered	156 (68.4)	101 (71.6)	55 (63.2)	0.181
Education > 12 years	89 (39.0)	58 (41.1)	31 (35.6)	0.403
Employed prior to stroke	94 (41.2)	62 (44.0)	32 (36.8)	0.278
Living alone	52 (22.8)	28 (19.9)	24 (27.6)	0.169
Medical history
Hypertension	168 (73.7)	100 (70.9)	68 (78.2)	0.223
Diabetes mellitus	72 (31.6)	41 (29.1)	31 (35.6)	0.299
Atrial fibrillation	84 (36.8)	50 (35.5)	34 (39.1)	0.577
Dyslipidemia	124 (54.4)	74 (52.5)	50 (57.5)	0.458
Previous stroke/TIA	38 (16.7)	20 (14.2)	18 (20.7)	0.196
Coronary artery disease	46 (20.2)	26 (18.4)	20 (23.0)	0.401
Current smoker	58 (25.4)	38 (27.0)	20 (23.0)	0.497
History of depression	34 (14.9)	12 (8.5)	22 (25.3)	< 0.001^a
History of anxiety	28 (12.3)	11 (7.8)	17 (19.5)	0.008^a
Stroke characteristics
Baseline NIHSS	16 (12-20)	15 (11-18)	18 (14-22)	< 0.001^a
Anterior circulation	196 (86.0)	120 (85.1)	76 (87.4)	0.631
TOAST classification				0.284
Large artery atherosclerosis	68 (29.8)	45 (31.9)	23 (26.4)
Cardioembolism	112 (49.1)	65 (46.1)	47 (54.0)
Other/undetermined	48 (21.1)	31 (22.0)	17 (19.5)
Procedural variables
IV thrombolysis (bridging)	142 (62.3)	90 (63.8)	52 (59.8)	0.536
Onset-to-puncture, minutes	240 (180-340)	235 (175-330)	250 (190-355)	0.187
Procedural duration, minutes	45 (32-68)	42 (30-62)	52 (36-78)	0.018^a
Number of passes	2 (1-3)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-3)	0.089
Successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3)	194 (85.1)	128 (90.8)	66 (75.9)	0.002^a
Symptomatic ICH	14 (6.1)	6 (4.3)	8 (9.2)	0.126
Outcomes
24-hour NIHSS	8 (4-14)	6 (3-10)	12 (7-18)	< 0.001^a
Hospital stay, days	12 (8-18)	10 (7-15)	16 (11-22)	< 0.001^a
Discharge to rehabilitation	98 (43.0)	52 (36.9)	46 (52.9)	0.017^a
90-day mRS 0-2	124 (54.4)	96 (68.1)	28 (32.2)	< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05.

TIA: Transient ischemic attack; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; IV: Intravenous; mTICI: Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; ICH: Intracranial hemorrhage; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Psychological outcome measures and correlations with clinical variables (n = 228)

Variable	mean ± SD or n (%)	Correlation with HADS-Depression¹	Correlation with HADS-Anxiety
Psychological scales
HADS-Depression score	6.8 ± 4.3		r = 0.68^a
HADS-Anxiety score	5.9 ± 4.1	r = 0.68^a
PHQ-9 total score	7.8 ± 5.9	r = 0.84^a	r = 0.62^a
GAD-7 total score	6.4 ± 5.2	r = 0.59^a	r = 0.86^a
Prevalence of mood disorders
HADS-Depression ≥ 8 (depression)	87 (38.2)
HADS-Anxiety ≥ 8 (anxiety)	72 (31.6)
Comorbid anxiety and depression	51 (22.4)
PHQ-9 ≥ 10 (moderate depression)	79 (34.6)
GAD-7 ≥ 10 (moderate anxiety)	62 (27.2)
Correlations with clinical variables
Age		r = 0.08	r = -0.16^a
Baseline NIHSS		r = 0.34^a	r = 0.22^a
24-hour NIHSS		r = 0.42^a	r = 0.28^a
Hospital length of stay		r = 0.38^a	r = 0.31^a
90-day mRS		r = 0.52^a	r = 0.36^a
Procedural duration		r = 0.18^a	r = 0.21^a

¹Correlation coefficients were calculated using either Spearman’s or Pearson’s methods, as appropriate.

^aP < 0.05.

HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.

Full Size Table

Citation: Yu C, Ding YH, Xie YY, Shao JJ, Wang JL. Post-interventional anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 119007
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i8/119007.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i8.119007

Yu C, Ding YH, Xie YY, Shao JJ, Wang JL. Post-interventional anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 119007 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i8.119007]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.