Impact of mindfulness training on depression and walking ability in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans and depression

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data before and after propensity score matching between the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Items	Before matching		χ2/t	Pvalue	After matching		χ2/t	Pvalue
	Intervention group (n = 83)	Control group (n = 93)			Intervention group (n = 62)	Control group (n = 62)
Sex			0.028	0.867			0.035	0.852
Male	51 (61.45)	56 (60.22)			39 (62.90)	40 (64.52)
Female	32 (38.55)	37 (39.78)			23 (37.10)	22 (35.48)
Age (years)	61.04 ± 7.31	60.99 ± 7.47	0.042	0.967	61.15 ± 7.37	62.11 ± 7.13	0.743	0.459
Course of disease (years)	2.65 ± 0.66	2.28 ± 0.68	0.604	< 0.001	2.49 ± 0.60	2.46 ± 0.64	0.231	0.817
Rutherford grade			7.996	0.018			0.254	0.881
I-II	42 (50.60)	65 (69.89)			38 (61.29)	36 (38.71)
III	30 (48.39)	17 (18.28)			15 (18.07)	15 (16.13)
IV	11 (13.25)	11 (11.83)			9 (10.84)	11 (11.83)
Hypertension			0.189	0.664			0.576	0.448
Yes	26 (31.33)	32 (34.41)			23 (27.71)	19 (30.65)
No	57 (91.94)	61 (65.59)			39 (46.99)	43 (69.35)
Diabetes			0.330	0.565			0.827	0.363
Yes	29 (34.94)	18 (19.35)			14 (22.58)	10 (16.13)
No	64 (77.11)	75 (80.65)			48 (77.42)	52 (83.87)
Coronary heart disease			0.090	0.764			0.000	1.000
Yes	12 (14.46)	12 (12.90)			8 (12.90)	8 (12.90)
No	71 (85.54)	81 (87.10)			54 (87.10)	54 (87.10)

Table 2 Comparison of Chinese Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale scores between the two groups before and after intervention, mean ± SD

Group	Before intervention	After 8 weeks of intervention	At 1 month follow-up
Intervention group (n = 62)	51.55 ± 2.03	74.45 ± 7.54	79.82 ± 4.51
Control group (n = 62)	51.76 ± 1.96	67.55 ± 8.20	71.95 ± 5.20
t	0.584	4.877	8.998
P value	0.560	< 0.001	< 0.001

SEE-C: Chinese Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale.

Table 3 Comparison of quality-of-life scores between the two groups before and after the intervention, mean ± SD

Dimensions		Intervention group (n = 62)	Control group (n = 62)	t	P value
Life function	Before intervention	56.15 ± 5.33	55.45 ± 5.61	0.705	0.482
	After 8 weeks of intervention	70.65 ± 6.35	66.71 ± 6.14	3.508	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	80.11 ± 6.53	74.15 ± 6.87	4.957	< 0.001
Physiological functions	Before intervention	56.24 ± 5.24	56.44 ± 5.12	0.208	0.835
	After 8 weeks of intervention	69.85 ± 5.74	63.88 ± 4.95	6.214	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	81.21 ± 5.63	74.85 ± 5.94	6.109	< 0.001
Body pain	Before intervention	47.53 ± 5.66	48.32 ± 5.15	0.813	0.418
	After 8 weeks of intervention	65.19 ± 5.43	59.03 ± 5.27	6.409	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	75.16 ± 6.11	67.34 ± 5.65	7.402	< 0.001
Overall health	Before intervention	51.84 ± 5.56	52.06 ± 5.33	0.231	0.818
	After 8 weeks of intervention	68.85 ± 5.52	62.93 ± 6.11	5.657	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	82.32 ± 6.13	74.82 ± 6.32	6.703	< 0.001
Vitality	Before intervention	52.79 ± 5.60	53.71 ± 5.18	0.949	0.345
	After 8 weeks of intervention	67.74 ± 4.72	62.77 ± 4.89	5.758	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	76.85 ± 5.01	70.11 ± 4.95	7.540	< 0.001
Social functions	Before intervention	55.11 ± 5.27	54.21 ± 5.17	0.963	0.337
	After 8 weeks of intervention	68.44 ± 4.85	62.02 ± 5.76	4.618	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	79.68 ± 6.26	72.32 ± 6.09	6.634	< 0.001
Emotional function	Before intervention	51.10 ± 4.82	51.71 ± 4.46	0.736	0.463
	After 8 weeks of intervention	67.37 ± 5.61	61.37 ± 6.65	5.432	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	78.65 ± 6.13	71.87 ± 6.51	5.964	< 0.001
Mental health	Before intervention	56.37 ± 4.65	56.82 ± 4.79	0.533	0.595
	After 8 weeks of intervention	69.11 ± 6.33	62.54 ± 5.71	6.066	< 0.001
	At 1 month follow-up	78.53 ± 6.81	70.63 ± 6.13	6.791	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of complications between the two groups, n (%)

Group	Vascular restenosis	Skin infection	Delayed healing of incision	Skin ulcer	Total complications (%)
Intervention group (n = 62)	1 (1.61)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.61)	0 (0.00)	2 (3.23)
Control group (n = 62)	3 (4.84)	2 (3.23)	3 (4.84)	1 (1.61)	9 (14.52)
χ2					4.888
P value					0.027