Anxiety and depression symptoms correlate with metabolic indicators in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients

Table 1 General characteristics of study subjects

Item	Classification	n (%)
Gender
	Male	198 (60.4)
	Female	130 (39.6)
Age (years)
	< 40	78 (23.8)
	40-59	186 (56.7)
	≥ 60	64 (19.5)
Education level
	Elementary school and below	38 (11.6)
	Junior high school	92 (28.0)
	High school or secondary vocational	118 (36.0)
	Junior college and above	80 (24.4)
Marital status
	Married	284 (86.6)
	Unmarried	26 (7.9)
	Divorced or widowed	18 (5.5)
Occupation type
	Mental labor	142 (43.3)
	Physical labor	116 (35.4)
	Retired or unemployed	70 (21.3)
MASLD disease duration (years)	mean ± SD	3.8 ± 2.6
Smoking
	Yes	118 (36.0)
	No	210 (64.0)
Alcohol consumption
	Yes	94 (28.7)
	No	234 (71.3)
Regular exercise habits
	Yes	86 (26.2)
	No	242 (73.8)
Comorbid hypertension
	Yes	156 (47.6)
	No	172 (52.4)
Comorbid type 2 diabetes
	Yes	128 (39.0)
	No	200 (61.0)
Comorbid dyslipidemia
	Yes	246 (75.0)
	No	82 (25.0)
Comorbid metabolic syndrome
	Yes	198 (60.4)
	No	130 (39.6)
Imaging grading
	Mild fatty liver	142 (43.3)
	Moderate fatty liver	126 (38.4)
	Severe fatty liver	60 (18.3)

MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Table 2 Detection rates of anxiety and depression symptoms in different subgroups, n (%)

Subgroup	Number	Anxiety	Depression
Gender
Male	198	70 (35.4)	65 (32.8)
Female	130	66 (51.5)	62 (48.5)
Age group
< 40 years	78	25 (32.1)	23 (29.5)
40-59 years	186	84 (45.2)	79 (42.5)
≥ 60 years	64	27 (42.2)	25 (39.1)
Fatty liver severity
Mild	142	46 (32.4)	42 (29.6)
Moderate	126	54 (42.9)	50 (39.7)
Severe	60	36 (60.0)	35 (58.3)

Table 3 Metabolic indicators of study subjects (mean ± SD)

Indicator	Value (n = 328)
BMI (kg/m2)	28.4 ± 3.7
Waist circumference (cm)	96.8 ± 10.2
FBG (mmol/L)	6.8 ± 2.1
HbA1c (%)	6.5 ± 1.4
TC (mmol/L)	5.4 ± 1.1
TG (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 1.5
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.3 ± 0.9
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.1 ± 0.3
ALT (U/L)	52.3 ± 28.6
AST (U/L)	38.7 ± 19.4

BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TC: Triglycerides; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.

Table 4 Correlation between Self-rating Anxiety Scale/Self-rating Depression Scale scores and metabolic indicators

Metabolic indicator	SAS score (r)	SDS score (r)
BMI	0.423c	0.401c
Waist circumference	0.387c	0.369c
TG	0.356c	0.334c
FBG	0.312c	0.256b
HbA1c	0.298b	0.243b
HDL-C	-0.267b	-0.198a
ALT	0.234b	0.289b
Hepatic fat content	0.341c	0.318c

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

SAS: Self-rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TG: Triglycerides; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms

Dependent variable	Independent variable	β	P value
SAS score	BMI	0.312	< 0.001
	TG	0.245	< 0.01
	Hepatic fat content	0.198	< 0.05
SDS score	BMI	0.289	< 0.001
	Waist circumference	0.231	< 0.01
	ALT	0.187	< 0.05

SAS: Self-rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale; BMI: Body mass index; TG: Triglycerides; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for depression symptoms

Influencing factor	β	SE	Wald χ2	P value	OR	95%CI
BMI (kg/m2)	0.148	0.033	20.12	< 0.001	1.16	1.09-1.24
Waist circumference (cm)	0.039	0.010	15.21	< 0.001	1.04	1.02-1.06
ALT (per 10 U/L)	0.140	0.042	11.11	< 0.001	1.15	1.06-1.25
Female (vs male)	0.683	0.239	8.17	0.004	1.98	1.24-3.16
Age ≥ 60 years (vs < 60 years)	0.806	0.270	8.91	0.003	2.24	1.32-3.80
TG (mmol/L)	0.307	0.089	11.90	0.001	1.36	1.14-1.62
Hepatic fat content (%)	0.058	0.019	9.32	0.003	1.06	1.02-1.10

Model statistics: χ² = 108.34, P < 0.001; Hosmer-Lemeshow test: χ² = 5.92, P = 0.656; Nagelkerke R² = 0.386. BMI: Body mass index; TG: Triglycerides; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.