Mindfulness training accelerates anxiety and depression relief via enhanced psychological resilience

Table 1 Demographics of both groups were compared, n (%)/mean ± SD

Project	Control group (n = 65)	Observation group (n = 68)	t/χ²	P value
Gender			0.349	0.555
Male	32 (49.23)	30 (44.12)
Female	33 (50.77)	38 (55.88)
Age (years)	38.74 ± 13.40	38.84 ± 13.13	0.043	0.965
Illness duration (months)	11.37 ± 2.57	11.47 ± 2.16	0.246	0.806
Employment status			0.013	0.908
Working	54 (83.08)	57 (83.82)
Unemployed	11 (16.92)	11 (16.18)

Table 2 Overview and inter-correlations of study variables (score), mean ± SD

Project	mean ± SD	Anxiety		Depression		Mindfulness		Psychological resilience
		r value	P value	r value	P value	r value	P value	r value	P value
Anxiety	30.71 ± 2.65	1	-
Depression	32.38 ± 2.45	0.873	< 0.001	1	-
Mindfulness	86.29 ± 10.35	-0.883	< 0.001	-0.869	< 0.001	1	-
Psychological resilience	21.70 ± 4.15	-0.933	< 0.001	-0.872	< 0.001	0.814	< 0.001	1	-

Table 3 Intervention outcomes across groups (score), mean ± SD

Project	Control group (n = 65)	Observation group (n = 68)	t value	P value
Anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale)
Before intervention	30.77 ± 2.64	30.66 ± 2.67	0.233	0.816
After intervention	25.95 ± 2.61a	20.88 ± 2.52a	11.390	< 0.001
Depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)
Before intervention	32.42 ± 2.47	32.35 ± 2.44	0.146	0.884
After intervention	26.37 ± 1.94a	21.24 ± 1.65a	16.463	< 0.001
Mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire)
Before intervention	86.43 ± 10.43	86.15 ± 10.35	0.157	0.875
After intervention	112.14 ± 12.05a	125.37 ± 12.72a	6.153	< 0.001
Psychological resilience (10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale)
Before intervention	21.94 ± 4.18	21.47 ± 4.13	0.649	0.517
After intervention	28.31 ± 4.13a	34.53 ± 2.87a	10.042	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs before intervention.

Table 4 Examination of how psychological resilience mediates the relationship between anxiety disorders and mindfulness training

Effect	Path	Effect size	SE	95%CI	Effect size
Total effect	Mindfulness training for anxiety	-5.046	0.164	-5.370 to -4.721
Direct effect	Mindfulness training for anxiety	-4.547	0.355	-5.249 to -3.845	90.11%
Indirect effects	Mindfulness training for mental resilience for anxiety	-0.498	0.261	-1.045 to -0.0099	9.89%

Table 5 Examining how psychological resilience mediates the relationship between mindfulness training and depressive illnesses

Effect	Path	Effect size	SE	95%CI	Effect size
Total effect	Mindfulness training for depression	-5.282	0.206	-5.691 to -4.874
Direct effect	Mindfulness training for depression	-4.280	0.418	-5.108 to -3.452	81.03%
Indirect effects	Mindfulness training for mental resilience for depression	-1.002	0.317	-1.570 to -0.327	18.97%