Circadian rhythm disruption alters gray and white matter microstructure: Higher-order diffusion analysis coupled with hormonal/inflammatory biomarkers

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.117066

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 117066
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.117066

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the circadian rhythm disruption group and control group

Clinical characteristics	CRD (n = 55)	Control (n = 41)	Statistical value	P value
Age (year)	48.24 ± 6.50	48.98 ± 4.43	-0.63	0.532
Education (year)	8.70 ± 2.06	9.20 ± 1.96	-1.21	0.230
RBD Sleep Scale	5.00 (8.00, 3.00)	1.00 (4.00, 1.00)	10.14	0.000^a
PSQI	14.00 (21.00, 7.00)	7.00 (10.00, 2.00)	12.27	0.000^a
ESS	15.00 (18.00, 10.00)	4.00 (10.00, 2.00)	16.56	0.000^a
SAS	38.00 (45.00, 28.00)	25.00 (35.00, 18.00)	21.86	0.000^a
SDS	42.00 (52.00, 36.00)	26.00 (39.00, 18.00)	34.78	0.000^a
TRAb (IU/L)	0.75 ± 0.26	0.98 ± 0.21	-2.01	0.001^a
T3 (nmol/L)	2.33 ± 0.24	2.02 ± 0.18	5.74	0.000^a
LH (mIU/mL)	14.77 ± 16.51	24.29 ± 18.02	-1.25	0.036^a
PRL (µIU/mL)	303.20 ± 348.94	249.60 ± 315.31	-2.18	0.020^a
NLR	2.02 ± 0.61	1.80 ± 0.63	2.20	0.021^a
T4 (nmol/L)	97.70 ± 13.25	95.15 ± 14.18	-0.50	0.729
TSH (µIU/mL)	2.13 ± 1.91	1.93 ± 2.34	-0.08	0.534
TGAb (mIU/mL)	18.43 ± 15.21	19.79 ± 13.31	-1.21	0.060
FSH (mIU/mL)	15.40 ± 12.67	28.50 ± 17.46	-1.50	0.065
P (nmol/L)	0.20 ± 0.24	0.20 ± 0.21	0.75	0.825
E2 (pmol/L)	0.92 ± 0.15	1.03 ± 0.22	-0.31	0.895
T (nmol/L)	0.41 ± 0.08	0.51 ± 0.13	1.55	0.825
Cortisol (nmol/L)	184.50 ± 68.08	200.50 ± 80.03	1.53	0.055
CRP (mg/L)	0.55 ± 0.03	0.91 ± 0.12	-1.02	0.154

^aP ≤ 0.05.

^bP ≤ 0.001.

CRD: Circadian rhythm disruption; RBD: Rapid eye movement Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; TRAb: Thyrotropin receptor antibody; T3: Triiodothyronine; LH: Luteinizing hormone; PRL: Prolactin; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; T4: Thyroxine; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; TGAb: Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; P: Progesterone; E2: Estradiol; T: Testosterone; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Brain regions showing correlations between the intracellular volume fraction of gray and white matter values and laboratory test results in the circadian rhythm disruption group

Laboratory test indicators	Brain region	r value	P value
TRAb	Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex_L	-0.313	0.018^a
T3	Middle occipital gyrus_L	0.268	0.044^a
	Pontine crossing tract	0.321	0.015^a
PRL	Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex_L	-0.362	0.006^b
	Calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex_R	-0.310	0.019^a
	Cuneus_L	-0.273	0.040^a
	Cuneus_ R	-0.286	0.031^a
	Superior occipital gyrus_R	-0.270	0.043^a
Cortisol	Cuneus_L	0.278	0.036^a
	Superior occipital gyrus_L	0.268	0.043^a

^aP ≤ 0.05.

^bP ≤ 0.01.

L: Left; R: Right; TRAb: Thyrotropin receptor antibody; T3: Triiodothyronine; PRL: Prolactin.

Full Size Table

Citation: Zhang F, Huang WY, Zhang L, Huang ZR, Zhao W, Yu YQ. Circadian rhythm disruption alters gray and white matter microstructure: Higher-order diffusion analysis coupled with hormonal/inflammatory biomarkers. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 117066
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i6/117066.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.117066

Zhang F, Huang WY, Zhang L, Huang ZR, Zhao W, Yu YQ. Circadian rhythm disruption alters gray and white matter microstructure: Higher-order diffusion analysis coupled with hormonal/inflammatory biomarkers. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 117066 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.117066]

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