Correlation between positive degree and psychological distress in patients with interstitial lung disease

Table 1 Patients’ general information

Variable	n	Composition ratio (%)
Gender
Male	177	52.20
Female	193	47.80
Marital status
Have a spouse	226	61.10
No spouse	144	38.90
Educational level
Junior high school and below	127	34.30
Secondary/high school	145	39.20
College degree or above	98	26.50
Monthly household per capita income
< 3000	153	41.40
3000-5000	123	33.20
> 5000	94	25.40
Smoking
Yes	66	17.80
No	304	82.20
Diseases
IPF	93	25.10
Non-IPF	277	74.90
Taking hormones
Yes	214	58.10
No	156	41.90
Immunosuppressants
Yes	216	57.80
No	154	42.20
Difficulty breathing
Level 0	99	26.80
Level 1	125	33.80
Level 2	77	20.80
Level 3	54	14.60
Level 4	15	4.10
PSSS score (points)
> 60	175	47.30
≤ 60	195	52.70

IPF: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; PSSS: Perceived Social Support Scale.

Table 2 Patients’ positive degree and psychological distress score, mean ± SD

Project	Number of entries	Score range	Average score of articles	Standardized total score
Cognition	2	4-8	4.92 ± 1.32	9.88 ± 2.36
Action	3	6-12	3.68 ± 1.25	11.25 ± 3.14
Belief	2	2-8	3.55 ± 1.53	5.35 ± 1.37
Skills	6	10-24	3.86 ± 1.45	24.03 ± 4.25
PAM	13	25-50	16.01 ± 2.53	50.51 ± 5.48
K10	10	10-50	3.55 ± 1.53	32.62 ± 5.60

PAM: Patient Activation Measure; K10: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale.

Table 3 Single factor analysis of psychological distress in patients with interstitial lung disease, mean ± SD

Variable	n	K10 score (points)	t/F	P value
Gender			0.289	0.773
Male	177	32.53 ± 5.58
Female	193	32.70 ± 5.63
Age (years)	370	32.62 ± 5.60	-
Marital status			1.179	0.239
Have a spouse	226	32.35 ± 5.75
No spouse	144	33.05 ± 5.35
Educational level			47.702	< 0.001
Junior high school and below	127	29.60 ± 4.93
Secondary/high school	145	32.88 ± 5.48
College degree or above	98	36.14 ± 4.30
Family monthly income			0.637	0.529
< 3000	153	32.27 ± 5.33
3000-5000	123	33.04 ± 5.62
> 5000	94	32.63 ± 6.01
Smoking			0.142	0.887
Yes	66	32.53 ± 5.60
No	304	32.64 ± 5.60
Diseases
IPF	93	32.06 ± 5.59	1.104	0.270
Non-IPF	277	32.81 ± 5.60
Taking hormones			1.839	0.067
Yes	214	32.16 ± 5.30
No	156	33.24 ± 5.95
Immunosuppressants			0.025	0.980
Yes	216	32.63 ± 5.69
No	154	32.61 ± 5.48
Difficulty breathing			57.230	< 0.001
Level 0	99	30.70 ± 4.39
Level 1	125	30.56 ± 4.45
Level 2	77	32.06 ± 5.12
Level 3	54	39.26 ± 3.45
Level 4	15	41.04 ± 2.77
PSSS score (points)			7.878	< 0.001
> 60	175	30.38 ± 4.33
≤ 60	195	34.63 ± 5.85

IPF: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; PSSS: Perceived Social Support Scale.

Table 4 Variable assignment

Variable	Assignment method
Gender	0 = male, 1 = female
Age	Original value entry
Marital status	1 = with spouse, 0 = without spouse
Educational level	1 = college and below, 2 = undergraduate, 3 = master
Family monthly income	1 = < 3000 yuan, 2 = 3000-5000 yuan, 3 = > 5000 yuan
Smoking	1 = yes, 0 = no
Diseases	1 = yes, 0 = no
Taking hormones	1 = yes, 0 = no
Immunosuppressants	1 = yes, 0 = no
Difficulty breathing	0 = level 0, 1 = level 1, 2 = level 2, 3 = level 3, 4 = level 4
PSSS score	0 = > 60 points, 1 = ≤ 60 points
PAM score	Original value entry

PSSS: Perceived Social Support Scale; PAM: Patient Activation Measure.

Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis of psychological distress in patients with interstitial lung disease

Independent variable	B	SE	β	t	P value
Constant term	37.388	2.012		18.580	< 0.001
Educational level	2.173	0.280	0.302	7.764	< 0.001
Difficulty breathing	1.695	0.200	0.346	8.475	< 0.001
PSSS score	1.587	0.450	1.142	3.527	< 0.001
PAM score	-0.239	0.035	-0.266	-6.738	< 0.001

R = 0.703, R² = 0.494, adjusted R² = 0.489, F = 89.132, P < 0.001. PSSS: Perceived Social Support Scale; PAM: Patient Activation Measure.