Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432 alleviates anhedonia in major depression through immune-inflammatory modulation: An extended trial analysis

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.114446

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Mar 19, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 28, 2026

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 114446
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.114446

Table 1 Blood biomarker levels at baseline and follow-up for the two groups, mean ± SD

Variable	CCFM6432 baseline	CCFM6432 follow-up	Placebo baseline	Placebo follow-up	F value	P value	ηp²
BDNF (ng/mL)	7.82 ± 3.48	10.53 ± 2.45	7.12 ± 3.49	10.87 ± 3.25	0.163	0.688	0.003
Pro-BDNF (pg/mL)	70.39 ± 22.98	51.56 ± 19.68	69.34 ± 24.66	57.70 ± 27.10	0.900	0.347	0.017
TrkB (ng/mL)	0.42 ± 0.27	0.67 ± 0.24	0.43 ± 0.19	0.66 ± 0.22	0.015	0.902	0.000
DA (pg/mL)	258.55 ± 72.95	221.03 ± 113.67	271.09 ± 86.52	261.96 ± 92.65	1.829	0.182	0.034
Trp (μg/mL)	12.99 ± 3.20	17.56 ± 5.46	12.17 ± 4.47	17.34 ± 8.07	0.000	0.999	0.000
IL-1β (pg/mL)	345.27 ± 177.58	169.06 ± 92.36	339.67 ± 138.30	150.20 ± 75.87	0.658	0.421	0.012
TNF-α (pg/mL)	289.41 ± 97.85	196.58 ± 65.27	327.21 ± 123.55	214.90 ± 115.88	0.404	0.528	0.008
TLR-4 (ng/mL)	5.44 ± 2.31	2.77 ± 1.28	6.03 ± 3.35	3.25 ± 1.71	1.019	0.317	0.019
NF-κB (ng/mL)	2.18 ± 0.75	1.31 ± 0.67	2.47 ± 0.85	1.25 ± 0.88	0.058	0.810	0.001
NOD-2 (ng/mL)	1.68 ± 0.62	0.93 ± 0.45	1.65 ± 0.52	0.90 ± 0.33	0.121	0.730	0.002
LPS (ng/mL)	74.05 ± 30.69	27.89 ± 18.15	68.67 ± 21.99	44.11 ± 27.44	6.705	0.012^a	0.114
IL-6 (pg/mL)	148.66 ± 55.29	67.18 ± 18.32	144.03 ± 47.59	80.02 ± 23.09	8.672	0.005^a	0.143
CRP (ng/mL)	597.79 ± 314.75	160.08 ± 42.55	543.70 ± 277.00	187.12 ± 47.45	11.162	0.002^a	0.177

^aP values indicates a statistically significant difference between groups.

P values represent group differences at day 30 assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline values. All values are presented as mean ± SD. BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CRP: C-reactive protein; DA: Dopamine; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NOD-2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; Pro-BDNF: Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor; TLR-4: Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TrkB: Tropomyosin-related kinase B; Trp: Tryptophan.

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Citation: Li DX, Gu Y, Xia WJ, Sun YF, Hou L, Zhu WX, Wang J. Pediococcus acidilactici CCFM6432 alleviates anhedonia in major depression through immune-inflammatory modulation: An extended trial analysis. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(3): 114446
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i3/114446.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.114446