Gradient boosting machine model predicts psychiatric complications after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

Table 1 Comparison of general clinical data, mean ± SD/n (%)

Items	Complication group (69 cases)	Non-complication group (94 cases)	t/χ2 value	P value
Onset age (year)	56.28 ± 6.99	53.96 ± 7.10	2.073	0.040
Sex			1.184	0.281
Man	36 (52.17)	57 (60.64)
Woman	33 (47.83)	37 (39.36)
BMI (kg/m²)	22.47 ± 1.98	23.02 ± 2.19	1.662	0.099
The course of Parkinson’s disease	8.01 ± 3.56	7.23 ± 2.97	1.521	0.130
Education			0.549	0.459
Junior high school and below	59 (85.51)	84 (89.36)
High school and above	10 (14.49)	10 (10.64)
Hypertension history	35 (50.72)	26 (27.66)	9.039	0.003
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	33 (47.83)	24 (25.53)	8.697	0.003
Swallowing disorder	28 (40.58)	26 (27.66)	2.998	0.083
H-Y stage			1.785	0.074
3	52 (75.36)	81 (86.17)
4	16 (23.19)	13 (13.83)
5	1 (1.45)	0 (0.00)

H-Y: Hoehn-Yahr; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of perioperative-related indicators, mean ± SD

Items	Complication group (69 cases)	Non-complication group (94 cases)	t value	P value
NLR	2.41 ± 1.79	2.58 ± 2.06	0.542	0.589
Hemoglobin (g/L)	136.62 ± 15.05	138.85 ± 12.72	1.022	0.308
Albumin (g/L)	42.73 ± 6.75	42.35 ± 5.79	0.389	0.698
CRP (mg/L)	38.71 ± 12.61	39.37 ± 14.07	0.310	0.757
Operation time (minute)	267.36 ± 32.94	245.63 ± 32.57	4.189	< 0.001
Anesthesia time (minute)	288.61 ± 57.79	282.51 ± 51.46	0.709	0.479
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	54.06 ± 13.43	53.40 ± 18.87	0.246	0.806
Fasting time (hour)	8.87 ± 0.87	7.84 ± 0.88	7.423	< 0.001
postoperative intracranial gas volume (mm3)	9.90 ± 3.46	7.42 ± 2.74	4.912	< 0.001

NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Table 3 Comparison of preoperative-related scale scores, mean ± SD

Items	Complication group (69 cases)	Non-complication group (94 cases)	t value	P value
PSQI score	10.57 ± 1.98	8.62 ± 2.32	5.630	< 0.001
H-FRAT score	28.94 ± 3.15	32.86 ± 4.81	6.274	< 0.001
PDQ-39 score	74.81 ± 8.97	70.78 ± 11.42	2.434	0.016
UPDRS III score	42.65 ± 5.00	38.09 ± 4.65	6.002	< 0.001

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; H-FRAT: Family Relationship Health Assessment Scale; PDQ-39: 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; UPDRS III: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III.