Impact of multicomponent, nonpharmacological care program for mild Alzheimer’s disease with anxiety and depression

Table 1 Comparison of general data between two groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t/χ2 value	P value
Patients
Age (years)	74.12 ± 4.84	73.68 ± 5.13	0.616	0.539
Gender			0.071	0.790
Male	42 (40.38)	37 (38.54)
Female	62 (59.62)	59 (61.46)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.15 ± 2.87	22.94 ± 3.05	0.486	0.627
Years of schooling (years)	10.24 ± 3.16	10.12 ± 3.31	0.279	0.781
Marital status			0.876	0.831
Unmarried	5 (4.81)	6 (6.25)
Married	84 (80.77)	73 (76.04)
Divorced	5 (4.81)	7 (7.29)
Widowed	10 (9.62)	10 (10.42)
CDR score			0.064	0.800
1	61 (58.65)	58 (60.42)
0.5	43 (41.35)	38 (39.58)
Caregivers
Age (years)	51.63 ± 15.25	52.17 ± 14.76	0.253	0.801
Identity			0.100	0.752
Family members	94 (90.38)	88 (91.67)
Formal caregivers	10 (9.62)	8 (8.33)
Years of schooling (years)	9.21 ± 3.02	9.53 ± 3.08	0.752	0.453

BMI: Body mass index; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.

Table 2 Comparison of Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t value	P value
Total symptom scores
Baseline	35.84 ± 9.21	36.19 ± 10.07	0.253	0.800
3 months	30.15 ± 8.47	26.73 ± 7.92	2.943	0.004
Caregiver distress subscale
Baseline	13.42 ± 3.88	13.82 ± 4.16	0.699	0.486
3 months	11.05 ± 3.61	9.94 ± 2.98	2.352	0.020

Table 3 Comparison of anxiety and depression between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t value	P value
GAI-SF scores
Baseline	3.82 ± 0.37	3.91 ± 0.42	1.604	0.110
3 months	3.18 ± 0.41	2.94 ± 0.66	3.048	0.003
GDS-15 scores
Baseline	9.47 ± 1.65	9.82 ± 1.83	1.433	0.154
3 months	8.89 ± 1.82	8.04 ± 2.18	3.018	0.003

GAI-SF: Geriatric Anxiety Inventory-Short Form; GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15.

Table 4 Comparison of Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s disease scores between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t value	P value
Baseline	30.15 ± 5.41	29.87 ± 5.16	0.372	0.710
3 months	29.69 ± 5.63	33.25 ± 4.89	4.753	< 0.001

Table 5 Comparison of cognitive function between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t value	P value
MMSE scores
Baseline	20.28 ± 2.52	20.41 ± 2.48	0.353	0.725
3 months	19.92 ± 2.81	21.06 ± 2.67	2.935	0.004
ADAS-cog scores
Baseline	23.15 ± 6.42	22.68 ± 6.96	0.502	0.616
3 months	24.03 ± 6.77	21.92 ± 6.25	2.282	0.024

MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-cog: Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale.

Table 6 Comparison of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores between two groups (points), mean ± SD

Parameter	Conventional group (n = 104)	Multicomponent group (n = 96)	t value	P value
Baseline	12.78 ± 3.05	12.91 ± 3.12	0.301	0.764
3 months	12.23 ± 3.27	9.88 ± 2.78	5.462	< 0.001