Latent profiles of mental health literacy among community residents in Nanchang, China

Table 1 Model fit indices for the latent profile analysis of mental health literacy

Model	Log-likelihood	Parameters	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	BLRT
Class 1	-31500.19	10	63020.38	-63078.49	63046.72	-	-
Class 2	-25529.32	101	51260.65	-51847.53	51526.63	0.975320	P < 0.01
Class 3	-25744.39	146	51780.79	-52629.16	52165.28	0.974046	P < 0.01
Class 4	-25217.48	192	50818.96	-51934.62	51324.59	0.955356	P < 0.01
Class 5	-24305.16	238	49086.31	-50469.27	49713.09	0.970967	P < 0.01
Class 6	-23695.03	284	47958.05	-49608.31	48705.97	0.973029	P < 0.01

The smallest estimable P value was approximately 0.010; therefore, it is reported as P < 0.01 in the table. Entropy and the Bootstrap likelihood ratio test are not applicable to the one-profile model. The Bootstrap likelihood ratio test was estimated using 100 bootstrap samples. AIC: Akaike information criterion; BIC: Bayesian information criterion; aBIC: Sample-size adjusted Bayesian information criterion; BLRT: Bootstrap likelihood ratio test.

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics across mental health literacy groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variable	Integrated high literacy group (n = 1382)	Integrated low literacy group (n = 556)	Literacy imbalanced group (n = 529)	Test statistic	P value
Age	37.42 ± 11.85	37.50 ± 11.70	35.72 ± 12.02	F = 4.385	0.0126
Gender				χ2 = 43.210	< 0.001
Male	541 (39.1)	294 (52.9)	183 (34.6)
Female	841 (60.9)	262 (47.1)	346 (65.4)
Marital status				χ2 = 27.190	< 0.001
Married	1007 (72.9)	377 (67.8)	407 (76.9)
Unmarried	328 (23.7)	136 (24.5)	96 (18.1)
Divorced	31 (2.2)	32 (5.8)	16 (3.0)
Widowed	16 (1.2)	11 (2.0)	10 (1.9)
Educational level				χ2 = 109.220	< 0.001
Junior high school or below	51 (3.7)	69 (12.4)	21 (4.0)
Senior high school or technical secondary school	230 (16.6)	145 (26.1)	78 (14.7)
Junior college or bachelor’s degree	1049 (75.9)	312 (56.1)	413 (78.1)
Master’s degree or above	52 (3.8)	30 (5.4)	17 (3.2)
Employment status				χ2 = 70.247	< 0.001
Full-time employment	1023 (74.0)	361 (64.9)	383 (72.4)
Part-time employment	54 (3.9)	72 (12.9)	39 (7.4)
Unemployed	56 (4.1)	39 (7.0)	13 (2.5)
Retired	132 (9.6)	50 (9.0)	50 (9.5)
Student	117 (8.5)	34 (6.1)	44 (8.3)
Place of residence				χ2 = 4.897	0.0864
Urban area	1163 (84.2)	488 (87.8)	442 (83.6)
Township	219 (15.8)	68 (12.2)	87 (16.4)
Monthly income				χ2 = 77.012	< 0.001
< 3000 yuan	273 (19.8)	145 (26.1)	113 (21.4)
3000-6000 yuan	442 (32)	165 (29.7)	225 (42.5)
6000-9000 yuan	478 (34.6)	140 (25.2)	148 (28)
9000-12000 yuan	134 (9.7)	53 (9.5)	29 (5.5)
> 12000 yuan	55 (4.0)	53 (9.5)	14 (2.6)

Table 3 Mental health indicator scores across mental health literacy profiles and post hoc comparisons, mean ± SD

Variable	Integrated high literacy group (n = 1382)	Integrated low literacy group (n = 556)	Literacy imbalanced group (n = 529)	F value	Post hoc comparisons
Problematic social media use	8.16 ± 5.45	9.46 ± 6.52	10.44 ± 5.14	34.288	3 > 2 > 1
PHQ-9	6.83 ± 7.12	13.52 ± 9.93	13.83 ± 7.78	223.387	2 approximately = 3 > 1
GAD-7	4.93 ± 5.70	10.56 ± 7.91	10.38 ± 6.21	230.054	2 approximately = 3 > 1
ISI	4.38 ± 4.75	10.26 ± 7.74	9.40 ± 5.93	272.787	2 > 3 > 1
Stigma	28.00 ± 4.69	30.22 ± 2.49	29.20 ± 3.11	65.941	2 > 3 > 1

In the post hoc comparison column, the numbers 1 to 3 represent the three profiles, ranked from low to high according to their scores. The symbol “>“ indicate a significantly lower score. numbers 1: Integrated high literacy group; numbers 2: Integrated low literacy group; numbers 3: Literacy imbalanced group. PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index.

Table 4 Predictors of mental health literacy profile membership (n = 2467)

	Integrated high literacy group						Literacy imbalanced group
	Integrated low literacy group			Literacy imbalanced group			Integrated low literacy group
	B	OR	95%CI	B	OR	95%CI	B	OR	95%CI
Gender (male)1	0.754	2.125c	1.612-2.802	0.063	1.065	0.814-1.393	0.642	1.900b	1.386-2.605
Educational level2
Senior high/technical secondary school	0.445	1.56	0.910-2.675	0.226	1.254	0.663-2.37	0.153	1.166	0.613-2.215
Junior college/bachelor’s degree	1.288	3.626c	2.136-6.155	0.014	1.014	0.547-1.88	1.112	3.042b	1.623-5.701
Master’s degree or above	1.115	3.050b	1.392-6.679	-0.228	0.796	0.332-1.912	1.139	3.125a	1.252-7.800
Employment status3
Full-time employment	-0.410	0.664	0.355-1.241	1.018	2.768b	1.38-5.55	-0.922	0.398a	0.19-0.831
Part-time employment	1.292	3.640c	1.832-7.234	1.345	3.838b	1.695-8.689	-0.047	0.954	0.407-2.237
Retired	0.287	1.332	0.528-3.358	1.940	6.958c	2.796-17.316	-1.524	0.218b	0.08-0.593
Place of residence4
Township	-0.995	0.370c	0.249-0.548	-0.268	0.765	0.547-1.071	-0.674	0.510b	0.332-0.783
Monthly income5
6000–9000 yuan	0.938	2.555c	1.634-3.994	0.457	1.579a	1.02-2.445	0.437	1.548	0.95-2.522

¹”Female” is the reference group.

²“Junior high school or below” is the reference group.

³“Unemployment” is the reference group.

⁴”City” is the reference group.

⁵“< 3000 yuan” is the reference group.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

OR: Odds ratio.