Acceptance and commitment therapy and systematic voice training effects on children voice function recurrence and anxiety

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variable	Observation group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P value
Male	32 (53.33)	33 (55.00)	0.857
Age (years)	8.62 ± 1.35	8.58 ± 1.41	0.872
Disease duration (weeks)	4.31 ± 1.24	4.27 ± 1.29	0.859
Pre-intervention pVHI score	62.35 ± 8.42	61.98 ± 8.53	0.813

pVHI: Pediatric voice handicap index.

Table 2 Comparison of pediatric voice handicap index scores and vocal fatigue visual analogue scale scores of two groups of children before and after intervention (points), mean ± SD

Group	Time node	pVHI score (points)	Vocal fatigue VAS score (points)
Observation group (n = 60)	Before intervention	62.35 ± 8.42	7.21 ± 1.35
	After intervention	28.46 ± 6.15a, b	2.35 ± 0.82a, b
Control group (n = 60)	Before intervention	61.98 ± 8.53	7.18 ± 1.42
	After intervention	42.63 ± 7.28a	4.52 ± 1.05a

^aP < 0.05, compared with this group before intervention.

^bP < 0.05, compared with the control group after intervention.

pVHI: Pediatric voice handicap index; VAS: Visual analogue scale.

Table 3 Comparison of vocal cord vibration symmetry and mucosal wave integrity scores between the two groups of children before and after intervention (points), mean ± SD

Group	Time node	Vocal fold vibration symmetry score (points)	Mucosal wave integrity score (points)
Observation group (n = 60)	Before intervention	1.23 ± 0.35	1.18 ± 0.32
	After intervention	2.76 ± 0.42a, b	2.81 ± 0.38a, b
Control group (n = 60)	Before intervention	1.21 ± 0.38	1.15 ± 0.34
	After intervention	2.15 ± 0.45a	2.08 ± 0.41a

^aP < 0.05, compared with this group before intervention.

^bP < 0.05, compared with the control group after intervention.

Scoring criteria: (1) 1 point: Asymmetrical/incomplete; (2) 2 points: Basically symmetrical/basically complete; and (3) 3 points: Symmetrical/complete.

Table 4 Comparison of Scale for Children’s Anxiety Disorders scores between the two groups of children before and after intervention (points), mean ± SD

Group	Time node	Vocal fold vibration symmetry score (points)	Mucosal wave integrity score (points)
Observation group (n = 60)	Before intervention	1.23 ± 0.35	1.18 ± 0.32
	After intervention	2.76 ± 0.42a, b	2.81 ± 0.38a, b
Control group (n = 60)	Before intervention	1.21 ± 0.38	1.15 ± 0.34
	After intervention	2.15 ± 0.45a	2.08 ± 0.41a

^aP < 0.05, compared with this group before intervention.

^bP < 0.05, compared with the control group after intervention.