Risk factors for paternal perinatal depression in Chinese advanced maternal age couples: A regression mixture model

Table 1 General characteristics of the participants (n = 358)

Variables	n (%)
Age (mean ± SD)	37.10 ± 2.75
Parity
1	175 (48.88)
2	119 (33.24)
≥ 3	64 (17.88)
Level of education
Junior school or lower	77 (21.52)
Senior high school	82 (22.91)
College and above	199 (55.87)
Family income per capita(yuan/month)
< 3000	93 (25.98)
3000-5000	197 (55.03)
> 5000	68 (18.99)
Living condition
Good	233 (65.08)
Bad	125 (34.92)
Multiple pregnancies
Yes	44 (12.29)
No	314 (87.71)
Status of work
Full-time work	209 (58.38)
Part-time work	149 (41.62)
Marital relationship
Good	315 (87.99)
Bad	43 (12.01)
In-law relationship
Good	272 (75.98)
Bad	86 (24.02)
History of abnormal pregnancy
Yes	115 (32.12)
No	243 (67.88)
SSRS (mean ± SD)	39.95 ± 6.99
Objective support	8.89 ± 2.52
Subjective support	23.17 ± 5.48
Support utilization	7.89 ± 1.80
EPDS (mean ± SD)	8.97 ± 4.62

SSRS: Social Support Rating Scale; EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Table 2 Model fit results from the latent profile analysis

Components	AIC	BIC	aBIC	ETRO	LMR	BLRT	Categorical probability
1	8216.104	8293.714	8230.265
2	7515.139	7635.435	7537.088	0.910	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.55/0.45
3	7243.134	7406.116	7272.872	0.929	0.001	< 0.001	0.39/0.49/0.12
4	7115.949	7321.617	7153.476	0.953	0.610	< 0.001	0.11/0.32/0.44/0.13

AIC: Akaike information criterion; BIC: Bayesian information criterion; aBIC: Corrected Bayesian information criterion; ETRO: Entropy, LMR: Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test; BLRT: Bootstrap likelihood ratio test.

Table 3 Regression mixture model of the latent paternal perinatal depression subtype

	CLASS 2 (ref = CLASS 1)			CLASS 3 (ref = CLASS 1)
Variables	β	OR	95%CI	β	OR	95%CI
Age
30-34	-0.188	0.828	0.252-2.724	-1.301	0.272	0.036-2.043
35-36	0.873	2.394	0.901-6.361	0.668	1.951	0.664-5.729
37-39	0.360	1.433	0.572-3.591	-0.689	0.502	0.130-1.944
40-45 (ref)
Parity
1	0.430	1.537	0.606-3.897	1.493a	4.451	1.193-16.61
2	0.566	1.762	0.804-3.863	0.981	2.667	0.716-9.935
≥ 3 (ref)
Level of education
Junior school or lower	-0.793	0.452	0.125-1.633	0.448	1.565	0.585-4.191
Senior high school	0.402	1.494	0.704-3.169	-0.853	0.426	0.110-1.656
College and above (ref)
Family income per capita (yuan/month)
< 3000	0.575	1.777	0.768-4.109	1.386a	4.000	1.182-13.541
3000-5000	1.190	3.286	0.952-11.338	1.077	2.935	0.659-13.081
> 5000 (ref)
Living condition
Good	-0.661	0.516	0.266-1.004	-0.191	0.826	0.328-2.080
Bad (ref)
Multiple pregnancies
Yes	0.348	1.416	0.616-3.256	0.690	1.994	0.617-6.448
No (ref)
Status of work
Part-time work	0.073	1.076	0.603-1.921	0.817a	2.263	1.041-4.920
Full-time work (ref)
Marital relationship
Good	-1.308a	0.270	0.080-0.919	-0.743	0.476	0.099-2.291
Bad (ref)
In-law relationship
Good	-0.716	0.489	0.208-1.151	-0.535	0.586	0.175-1.959
Bad (ref)
History of abnormal pregnancy
Yes	0.450	1.569	0.763-3.223	1.014a	2.756	1.156-6.569
No (ref)
Objective support	-0.191a	0.826	0.693-0.985	-0.091	0.913	0.788-1.059
Subjective support	-0.092b	0.912	0.860-0.968	-0.120b	0.887	0.820-0.960
Support utilization	-0.167a	0.846	0.719-0.997	-0.346b	0.708	0.568-0.882

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.