Non-right-handedness and psychiatric disorders: A synthesis of epidemiological, genetic, and neurobiological evidence

Table 1 Prevalence of non-right-handedness in psychiatric disorders

Psychiatric disorder	OR or effect size	Ref.
Schizophrenia	OR = 1.5-1.8	[5-7]
PTSD	OR = 1.8 (mixed: OR = 2.4)	[8]
Depression	Inconsistent (meta-analysis: No difference)	[9-11]
Anxiety disorder	Inconsistent	[9,14]
Bipolar disorder	No increase	[15]
ASD	OR = 3.5	[16,17]
ID	Moderate increase	[17]
Dyslexia	OR = 1.2	[18]
DLD	OR = 1.2	[19]
DCD	Not always reported	[21,22]
ADHD	OR = 1.1-1.2 (borderline)	[25]

OR: Odds ratio; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; ID: Intellectual disability; DLD: Developmental language disorder; DCD: Developmental coordination disorder; ADHD: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.