Anxiety and depression status in geriatric patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: Correlation with postoperative pain and risk factors

Table 1 Anxiety and depression status as well as postoperative pain in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Factors	Scores
Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale	44.23 ± 9.03
Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale	46.98 ± 9.15
Numeric Rating Scale	4.93 ± 2.37

Table 2 Correlations among Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Numeric Rating Scale

Factors	r	P value
SAS vs NRS	0.360	< 0.001
SDS vs NRS	0.335	< 0.001
SAS vs SDS	0.395	< 0.001

NRS: Numeric Rating Scale; SAS: Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for anxiety and depression in elderly total hip arthroplasty patients, n (%)

Factors	n	Anxiety/depression group (n = 62)	Non-anxiety/depression group (n = 49)	χ2	P value
Gender				4.749	0.029
Male	44	19 (30.65)	25 (51.02)
Female	67	43 (69.35)	24 (48.98)
Age (years)				4.524	0.033
< 60	40	17 (27.42)	23 (46.94)
≥ 60	71	45 (72.58)	26 (53.06)
Body mass index (kg/m2)				0.103	0.749
< 24	54	31 (50.00)	23 (46.94)
≥ 24	57	31 (50.00)	26 (53.06)
Disease duration (years)				5.412	0.020
< 2	73	35 (56.45)	38 (77.55)
≥ 2	38	27 (43.55)	11 (22.45)
Educational level				0.148	0.700
< junior high school	68	37 (59.68)	31 (63.27)
≥ junior high school	43	25 (40.32)	18 (36.73)
Affected site				1.014	0.314
Left hip	44	22 (35.48)	22 (44.90)
Right hip	67	40 (64.52)	27 (55.10)
Smoking history				0.369	0.544
None	69	37 (59.68)	32 (65.31)
Yes	42	25 (40.32)	17 (34.69)
Alcohol consumption history				7.382	0.007
None	61	27 (43.55)	34 (69.39)
Yes	50	35 (56.45)	15 (30.61)
Diabetes history				5.310	0.021
None	86	43 (69.35)	43 (87.76)
Yes	25	19 (30.65)	6 (12.24)
Numeric Rating Scale (points)				6.190	0.013
< 5	51	22 (35.48)	29 (59.18)
≥ 5	60	40 (64.52)	20 (40.82)

Table 4 Variable assignments

Factors	Variable	Assignment
Gender	X1	Male = 0, female = 1
Age (years)	X2	< 60 = 0, ≥ 60 = 1
Disease duration (years)	X3	< 2 = 0, ≥ 2 = 1
Alcohol consumption history	X4	None = 0, yes = 1
Diabetes history	X5	None = 0, yes = 1
Numeric Rating Scale (points)	X6	< 5 = 0, ≥ 5 = 1

Table 5 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for anxiety and depression in elderly total hip arthroplasty patients

Factors	β	SE	Wald	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
Gender	1.143	0.473	5.825	0.016	3.135	1.240-7.927
Age (years)	0.835	0.475	3.095	0.079	2.306	0.909-5.848
Disease duration (years)	1.034	0.496	4.345	0.037	2.812	1.064-7.434
Alcohol consumption history	1.216	0.466	6.807	0.009	3.375	1.353-8.417
Diabetes history	1.074	0.588	3.338	0.068	2.927	0.925-9.260
Numeric Rating Scale (points)	1.029	0.684	5.158	0.023	2.797	1.151-6.794