Investigation and risk factor analysis of anxiety and depression in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

Table 1 Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics

Characteristics	Number of cases (n = 159)	Composition ratio (%)
Sex
Male	81	50.9
Female	78	49.1
Age (year), mean ± SD	60.55 ± 7.52	-
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	23.01 ± 1.65	-
Diabetes	46	28.9
Hypertension	42	26.4
Educational attainment
Junior high school or below	41	25.8
College, technical secondary school, or senior high school	66	41.5
Graduate or above	52	32.7
Marital status
Single	23	14.4
Married	82	51.6
Divorced or widowed	54	34.0
Residence
Urban	98	61.6
Rural	61	38.4
Monthly income (CNY)
< 4000	38	23.9
4000-6000	81	50.9
> 6000	40	25.2
Medical insurance type
Employee or resident basic medical insurance	84	52.8
Commercial insurance	40	25.2
Others	35	22.0
Disease staging
Mild clinical manifestations	59	37.1
Intermittent claudication	59	37.1
Rest pain	36	22.7
Gangrene	5	3.1
Disease course
< 6 months	92	57.9
> 6 months	67	42.1
Pain
Without	59	37.1
With	100	62.9

Table 2 Anxiety, depression, and social support scores of patients, mean ± SD

Characteristics	Total score (n = 159)		Score
SAS score	49.01 ± 9.65	Anxiety (n = 70)	57.91 ± 4.15
		Non-anxiety (n = 89)	42.00 ± 6.40
SDS score	49.91 ± 9.18	Depression (n = 65)	58.23 ± 3.44
		Non-depression (n = 94)	44.16 ± 7.29
Total score of social support	24.82 ± 5.80	High social support (n = 107)	28.33 ± 3.20
		Low social support (n = 52)	17.60 ± 1.99
Objective support score	7.61 ± 2.07	High social support (n = 107)	8.59 ± 1.52
		Low social support (n = 52)	5.60 ± 1.54
Subjective support score	9.94 ± 2.86	High social support (n = 107)	11.43 ± 1.93
		Low social support (n = 52)	6.87 ± 1.83
Support utilization score	7.27 ± 2.09	High social support (n = 107)	5.85 ± 1.48
		Low social support (n = 52)	5.13 ± 1.28

SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics of patients with anxiety or not

Characteristics	Anxiety (n = 70)	Non-anxiety (n = 89)	χ2/t	P value
Sex			1.368	0.242
Male	32	49
Female	38	40
Age (year), mean ± SD	59.74 ± 7.59	61.19 ±7.44	1.207	0.229
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	22.86 ± 1.64	23.13 ± 1.65	1.043	0.299
Diabetes	21	25	0.070	0.792
Hypertension	22	20	1.617	0.204
Educational attainment			0.566	0.753
Junior high school or below	16	25
College, vocational school, or senior high school	30	36
Graduate or above	24	28	-	-
Marital status			3.590	0.166
Single	8	15
Married	42	40
Divorced or widowed	20	34
Residence			0.880	0.348
Urban	46	52
Rural	24	37
Monthly income (CNY)			6.033	0.049
< 4000	18	20
4000-6000	41	40
> 6000	11	29
Type of medical insurance			0.107	0.948
Employee or resident basic medical insurance	38	46
Commercial insurance	17	23	-	-
Others	15	20	-	-
Disease staging			15.723	0.001
Mild clinical manifestations	14	45
Intermittent claudication	33	26
Rest pain	20	16
Gangrene	3	2
Disease course			11.531	0.0007
< 6 months	51	41
> 6 months	19	48
Pain			13.171	0.0003
Without	15	44
With	55	45
Social support			17.391	< 0.0001
High social support	40	77
Low social support	30	12

Table 4 Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of anxiety in patients

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR	95%CI
Constant	-2.575	0.625	16.964	0.000	0.076	-
Monthly income (0: 4000 yuan)	-	-	7.058	0.029	-	-
1: 4000-6000	-0.292	0.535	0.298	0.585	0.747	0.262-2.130
2: 6000	-1.613	0.665	5.878	0.015	0.199	0.054-0.734
Disease staging (0: Mild clinical manifestations)	-	-	9.506	0.023	-	-
1: Intermittent claudication	1.093	0.491	4.962	0.026	2.983	1.140-7.805
2: Rest pain	1.679	0.568	8.724	0.003	5.359	1.759-16.326
3: Gangrene	1.020	1.101	0.859	0.354	2.774	0.321-24.007
Disease course (0: > 6 months, 1: < 6 months)	1.172	0.447	6.883	0.009	3.227	1.345-7.745
Pain (0: Without, 1: With)	0.896	0.438	4.192	0.041	2.449	1.039-5.774
Social support (0: High social support, 1: Low social support)	2.051	0.452	20.634	0.000	7.776	3.209-18.842

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Univariate analysis of clinical characteristics of patients with depression or not

Variable	Depression (n = 65)	Non-depression (n = 94)	χ2/t	P value
Sex			0.129	0.719
Male	32	49
Female	33	45
Age (year), mean ± SD	61.51 ±7.10	59.89± 7.76	1.334	0.184
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	22.91 ± 1.61	23.08 ± 1.68	0.663	0.508
Diabetes	20	26	0.181	0.671
Hypertension	20	22	1.072	0.300
Educational attainment			1.416	0.493
Junior high school or below	19	22
College, vocational school, or senior high school	28	38
Graduate or above	18	34	-	-
Marital status			4.163	0.125
Single	5	18
Married	37	45
Divorced or widowed	23	31
Residence			0.000	0.983
Urban	40	58
Rural	25	36
Monthly income (CNY)			4.388	0.112
< 4000	10	28
4000-6000	37	44
> 6000	18	22
Type of medical insurance			0.046	0.978
Employee or resident basic medical insurance	35	49
Commercial insurance	16	24
Others	14	21
Disease staging			33.553	< 0.0001
Mild clinical manifestations	7	52
Intermittent claudication	32	27
Rest pain	23	13
Gangrene	3	2
Disease course			4.358	0.037
< 6 months	44	48
> 6 months	21	46
Pain			13.791	0.0002
Without	13	46
With	52	48
Social support			25.701	< 0.0001
High social support	29	78
Low social support	36	16

Table 6 Analysis of influencing factors for the occurrence of depression in patients

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	HR	95%CI
Constant	-3.764	0.671	31.490	0.000	0.023	-
Disease staging (0: Mild clinical manifestations)	-	-	23.902	0.000	-	-
1: Intermittent claudication	2.166	0.537	16.280	0.000	8.723	3.046-24.981
2: Rest pain	2.853	0.611	21.795	0.000	17.336	5.234-57.424
3: Gangrene	2.290	1.132	4.091	0.043	9.875	1.074-90.838
Disease course (0: > 6 months, 1: < 6 months)	0.514	0.429	1.432	0.231	1.671	0.721-3.877
Pain (0: Without, 1: With)	1.210	0.451	7.185	0.007	3.353	1.384-8.120
Social support (0: High social support, 1: Low social support)	1.596	0.433	13.581	0.000	4.932	2.111-11.526

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.