Influence of work-family facilitation on work engagement among physical education teachers

Table 1 Reliability analysis statistics

Scale	Cronbach’s alpha	n
Work-family facilitation	0.977	14
Psychological resilience	0.979	25
Job satisfaction	0.962	10
Job engagement	0.975	15

Table 2 Results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s test

Scale	Items		Value
Work-family facilitation scale	KMO measure of sampling adequacy		0.953
	Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approximate χ2	8404.133
		Degrees of freedom	91
		Significance	0.000
Job satisfaction scale	KMO measure of sampling adequacy		0.930
	Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approximate χ2	4955.999
		Degrees of freedom	45
		Significance	0.000
Psychological resilience	KMO measure of sampling adequacy		0.963
	Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approximate χ2	13559.341
		Degrees of freedom	300
		Significance	0.000
Job engagement scale	KMO measure of sampling adequacy		0.958
	Bartlett’s test of sphericity	Approximate χ2	8367.883
		Degrees of freedom	105
		Significance	0.000

KMO: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin.

Table 3 Demographic Information of physical education teachers

CategoryValue		Frequency	Percentage	Valid percentage	Cumulative percentage
Gender	Male	238	54.6	54.6	54.6
	Female	198	45.4	45.4	100.0
Education	Bachelor	108	24.8	24.8	24.8
	Master	231	53.0	53.0	77.8
	Doctoral	97	22.2	22.2	100.0
Years of teaching experience	< 5 years	77	17.7	17.7	17.7
	5-10 years	72	16.5	16.5	34.2
	11-20 years	102	23.4	23.4	57.6
	> 20 years	185	42.4	42.4	100.0

Table 4 Gender-based difference analysis of variables

Variable	Gender	mean ± SD	F value	Post-hoc comparison
Work-family facilitation	Male	4.21 ± 0.80	0.264	No significance
	Female	4.27 ± 0.90
Job satisfaction	Male	3.87 ± 0.85	2.791	No significance
	Female	4.00 ± 0.97
Psychological resilience	Male	3.89 ± 0.75	0.054	No significance
	Female	3.95 ± 0.78
Job engagement	Male	5.06 ± 1.13	7.673	No significance
	Female	5.28 ± 1.37

Table 5 Educational level-based difference analysis of variables

Educational level Value		mean ± SD	F value	Post-hoc comparison
Work-family facilitation	Bachelor	4.26 ± 0.81	2.846	No significance
	Master	4.30 ± 0.81
	Doctoral	4.06 ± 0.94
Psychological resilience	Bachelor	3.93 ± 0.76	2.403	No significance
	Master	3.97 ± 0.75
	Doctoral	3.77 ± 0.79
Job satisfaction	Bachelor	3.95 ± 0.85	6.200a	Master > doctoral
	Master	4.03 ± 0.89
	Doctoral	3.65 ± 0.97
Job engagement	Bachelor	5.16 ± 1.30	10.090b	Bachelor > doctoral, master > doctoral
	Master	5.36 ± 1.19
	Doctoral	4.69 ± 1.19

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001.

Table 6 Difference analysis of variables by years of teaching experience

Years of Value experience		mean ± SD	F value	Post-hoc comparison
Work-family facilitation	< 5 years	3.98 ± 0.93	12.463b	(< 5 years) < (> 20 years), (5-10 years) < (11-20 years), (5-10 years) < (> 20 years)
	5-10 years	3.86 ± 0.94
	11-20 years	4.31 ± 0.72
	> 20 years	4.46 ± 0.76
Psychological resilience	< 5 years	3.7216 ± 0.84	2.837a	No significance
	5-10 years	3.8456 ± 0.65
	11-20 years	3.9647 ± 0.72
	> 20 years	4.0022 ± 0.78
Job satisfaction	< 5 years	3.499 ± 1.03	19.076b	(< 5 years) < (11-20 years), (< 5 years) < (> 20 years), (5-10 years) < (11-20 years), (5-10 years) < (> 20 years)
	5-10 years	3.543 ± 0.89
	11-20 years	3.977 ± 0.87
	> 20 years	4.230 ± 0.75
Job engagement	< 5 years	4.52 ± 1.17	12.418b	(< 5 years) < (11-20 years), (< 5 years) < (> 20 years)
	5-10 years	5.04 ± 1.13
	11-20 years	5.13 ± 1.32
	> 20 years	5.49 ± 1.16

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001.

Table 7 Correlation analysis among variables for physical education teachers

Variable	Measurement	Work-family facilitation	Psychological resilience	Job satisfaction	Job engagement
Work-family facilitation	Pearson correlation	1	0.323a	0.693a	0.507a
	Sig (two-tailed)		0.000	0.000	0.000
	n	436	436	436	436
Psychological resilience	Pearson correlation	0.323a	1	0.416a	0.705a
	Sig (two-tailed)	0.000		0.000	0.000
	n	436	436	436	436
Job satisfaction	Pearson correlation	0.693a	0.416a	1	0.672a
	Sig (two-tailed)	0.000	0.000		0.000
	n	436	436	436	436
Job engagement	Pearson correlation	0.507a	0.705a	0.672a	1
	Sig (two-tailed)	0.000	0.000	0.000
	n	436	436	436	436

^aP < 0.001.

Table 8 Regression analysis among variables for physical education teachers

Regression equation, outcome variable	Regression equation, predictor variable	Equation fit index, R	Equation fit index, R2	Equation fit index, F	Coefficient, β	Significance, t
Psychological resilience		0.3298	0.1088	50.6171
	Gender				0.0189	0.4071
	Education				-0.0333	-0.7091
	Years of experience				0.0441	0.8930
	Work-family facilitation				0.3086	6.5572b
Job satisfaction		0.7373	0.5436	102.4387
	Gender				0.0083	0.2501
	Education				-0.0091	-0.2689
	Years of experience				0.1512	4.2673b
	Work-family facilitation				0.5867	16.5925b
	Psychological resilience				0.2048	5.9351b
Job engagement		0.8219	0.6755	148.8119
	Gender				0.0308	1.0954
	Education				-0.0273	-0.9594
	Years of experience				0.0457	1.4957
	Work-family facilitation				0.0445	1.1651
	Psychological resilience				0.5114	16.8757b
	Job satisfaction				0.4077	10.0145b
Job engagement		0.5331	0.2842	42.7721
	Gender				0.0454	1.0913
	Education				-0.0508	-1.2064
	Years of experience				0.1336	3.0164a
	Work-family facilitation				0.4674	11.0803b

^aP < 0.01.

^bP < 0.001.

Table 9 Chain mediation effect analysis

Pathway	Effect value	Boot SE	Boot 95%CI	Relative mediation effect, %
Total Indirect Effect	0.6232	0.0825	0.4812, 0.8039	100
Ind1: Work-family facilitation, psychological resilience, and job engagement	0.2326	0.0594	0.1347, 0.3660	37.32
Ind2: Work-family facilitation, job satisfaction, and job engagement	0.3526	0.0555	0.2521, 0.4672	56.58
Ind3: Work-family facilitation, psychological resilience, job satisfaction, and job engagement	0.0380	0.0134	0.0170, 0.0697	6.10
Ind1-Ind2	-0.1200	0.0860	-0.2775, 0.0573
Ind1-Ind3	0.1946	0.0528	0.1086, 0.3164
Ind2-Ind3	0.3146	0.0581	0.2067, 0.4319

Bootstrap SE refers to the SE of the indirect effect estimated using the bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap method. Boot: Bootstrap.