Correlation of anxiety and depression with ankle function in chronic ankle instability patients and analysis of risk factors

Table 1 The anxiety and depression status of chronic ankle instability patients, n (%)

Indicators	None	Mild	Moderate	Severe
SAS (points)	97 (83.62)	13 (11.21)	5 (4.31)	1 (0.86)
SDS (points)	95 (81.90)	15 (12.93)	6 (5.17)	0 (0.00)

SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 2 Ankle function in patients with chronic ankle instability, n (%)

Indicators	Excellent	Good	Fair	Poor
AOFAS ankle-hindfoot function score	28 (24.14)	59 (50.86)	28 (24.14)	1 (0.86)

AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.

Table 3 Ankle function of chronic ankle instability patients with different anxiety and depression states, mean ± SD

Indicators		AOFAS ankle-hindfoot function score	F value	P value
SAS (points)	None	75.24 ± 6.93	3.537	0.032
	Mild	72.62 ± 5.74
	Moderate	67.80 ± 4.76
	Severe
SDS (points)	None	75.66 ± 6.57	6.179	0.003
	Mild	72.80 ± 7.20
	Moderate	66.50 ± 6.12
	Severe

The data were tested using one-way analysis of variance. SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale; AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.

Table 4 Correlation analysis between anxiety and depression and ankle function in patients with chronic ankle instability

Indicators	AOFAS ankle-hindfoot function score
	r value	P value
SAS (points)	-0.335	< 0.001
SDS (points)	-0.437	< 0.001

The Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data testing. SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale; AOFAS: American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society.

Table 5 Univariate analysis of factors influencing ankle joint function recovery in patients with chronic ankle instability, n (%)

Indicators	Excellent and good (n = 87)	Non-excellent or good (n = 29)	χ2 value	P value
Sex			1.943	0.163
Male	41 (47.13)	18 (62.07)
Female	46 (52.87)	11 (37.93)
Age (years)			0.945	0.331
< 40	51 (58.62)	14 (48.28)
≥ 40	36 (41.38)	15 (51.72)
Early functional rehabilitation			4.369	0.037
With	58 (66.67)	13 (44.83)
Without	29 (33.33)	16 (55.17)
VAS (points)			5.432	0.020
< 3	60 (68.97)	13 (44.83)
≥ 3	27 (31.03)	16 (55.17)
PSQI (points)			4.603	0.032
< 5	50 (57.47)	10 (34.48)
≥ 5	37 (42.53)	19 (65.52)
SAS (points)			4.603	0.032
< 35 56	47 (54.02)	9 (31.03)
≥ 35 60	40 (45.98)	20 (68.97)
SDS (points)			5.671	0.017
< 40 50	43 (49.43)	7 (24.14)
≥ 40 66	44 (50.57)	22 (75.86)

χ² analysis was performed for data testing. VAS: Visual analogue scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale.

Table 6 Bivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing ankle joint function recovery in patients with chronic ankle instability

Variable	β	SE	Wald	P value	Exp (β)	95%CI
Early functional rehabilitation	1.033	0.509	4.118	0.042	2.809	1.036-7.618
VAS (points)	1.224	0.519	5.558	0.018	3.402	1.229-9.415
PSQI (points)	0.909	0.498	3.328	0.068	2.481	0.935-6.588
SAS (points)	0.993	0.508	3.828	0.050	2.699	0.998-7.298
SDS (points)	1.179	0.528	4.987	0.026	3.251	1.155-9.149

Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted for data testing. VAS: Visual analogue scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index; SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: Self-rating depression scale; CI: Confidence interval.