Psychiatric symptoms in stroke patients: Clinical features of depression and anxiety

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants, n (%)

Characteristic	Total (n = 120)	With depression (n = 45)	Without depression (n = 75)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	65.7 ± 11.3	67.2 ± 10.8	64.8 ± 11.6	0.243
Male sex	68 (56.7)	24 (53.3)	44 (58.7)	0.567
Education level
Primary school or below	28 (23.3)	12 (26.7)	16 (21.3)	0.384
Secondary school	52 (43.3)	20 (44.4)	32 (42.7)	-
College or above	40 (33.3)	13 (28.9)	27 (36.0)	-
Medical history
Hypertension	82 (68.3)	32 (71.1)	50 (66.7)	0.612
Diabetes mellitus	45 (37.5)	19 (42.2)	26 (34.7)	0.412
Hyperlipidemia	58 (48.3)	23 (51.1)	35 (46.7)	0.635
Atrial fibrillation	22 (18.3)	9 (20.0)	13 (17.3)	0.714
NIHSS score, median (IQR)	6 (3-9)	7 (4-10)	5 (3-8)	0.021a
mRS score, median (IQR)	2 (1-3)	3 (2-4)	2 (1-3)	0.015a

^aP < 0.05.

IQR: Interquartile range; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.

Table 2 Severity distribution of depression and anxiety symptoms, n (%)

Severity level	Depression (n = 120)	Anxiety (n = 120)
None	75 (62.5)	70 (58.3)
Mild	22 (18.3)	28 (23.3)
Moderate	15 (12.5)	14 (11.7)
Severe	8 (6.7)	8 (6.7)

Table 3 Temporal changes in depression and anxiety prevalence, n (%)

Time point	Depression prevalence	Anxiety prevalence
Baseline	45 (37.5)	50 (41.7)
2 weeks	45 (37.5)	48 (40.0)
1 month	39 (32.5)	42 (35.0)
3 months	34 (28.3)	35 (29.2)
6 months	37 (30.8)	38 (31.7)
P value1	0.024	0.018

¹P-values calculated using Friedman test for repeated measures.

Table 4 Association between stroke location and psychiatric symptoms, n (%)

Stroke location	Total (n = 120)	Depression present (n = 45)	Anxiety present (n = 50)	P valuea
Anterior circulation	72 (60.0)	31 (68.9)	33 (66.0)	0.042a
Left hemisphere	38 (31.7)	19 (42.2)	20 (40.0)	0.035a
Right hemisphere	34 (28.3)	12 (26.7)	13 (26.0)	0.856
Posterior circulation	48 (40.0)	14 (31.1)	17 (34.0)	0.124
Multiple territories	15 (12.5)	8 (17.8)	9 (18.0)	0.038a

^aP < 0.05.

P-value for comparison between patients with and without psychiatric symptoms.