Exploratory analysis of symptom-specific efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescent depression

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, mean ± SD

Characteristic	Control group (n = 39)	Study group (n = 38)	P value
Gender (female/male)	32/7	31/7	0.908
Age (years)	14.9 ± 1.7	14.5 ± 2.0	0.407
Duration of current episode (months)	15.8 ± 18.9	18.0 ± 14.3	0.562
Education (years)	7.9 ± 1.7	7.5 ± 2.0	0.407

Table 2 The effects of group variables and effect size of differences between V1 and V3, mean ± SD

Participant	Statistical value	Subjective mood	Impaired activity	Somatic concern	Anxiety and insomnia
Control group (n = 39)	Score at V1	3.359 ± 0.537	2.628 ± 0.496	1.218 ± 0.276	1.828 ± 0.220
	Score at V2	2.679 ± 0.899b	2.308 ± 0.481b	1.051 ± 0.154b	1.615 ± 0.233b
	Score at V3	2.731 ± 0.945b	2.372 ± 0.593b	1.064 ± 0.169b	1.572 ± 0.206b
	Effect size (95%CI)1	0.82 (0.36-1.28)	0.47 (0.02-0.92)	0.67 (0.22, 1.13)	1.20 (0.72-1.68)
Study group (n = 38)	Score at V1	3.553 ± 0.530	2.750 ± 0.461	1.145 ± 0.305	1.789 ± 0.184
	Score at V2	2.329 ± 0.756b	2.066 ± 0.606ab	1.053 ± 0.156	1.445 ± 0.206ab
	Score at V3	2.145 ± 0.636ab	2.039 ± 0.619ab	1.013 ± 0.081b	1.384 ± 0.222ab
	Effect size (95%CI)1	2.41 (1.82-3.00)	1.30 (0.81-1.80)	0.59 (0.13-1.05)	1.98 (1.43-2.53)

^aP < 0.05 between groups.

^bP < 0.05 relative to V1; with repeated-measures analysis of variance.

¹Effect size for the differences of scores between V1 to V3 (Cohen’s d).

CI: Confidence interval.