Correlation between chronic pain, disability, and psychological factors (depression and anxiety) after surgery for acute orthopedic trauma

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics

Variable	Patients (n = 120)	Percentage (%)
Sex
Male	79	65.8
Female	41	34.2
Age (year)	44.53 ± 10.12	/
BMI (kg/m²)	25 (23-28)
Injury mechanism
Motor vehicle	28	25.48
Work	11	10.01
Sport	32	29.12
Fall	31	28.21
Other	13	11.83
Prior post-injury surgery	5	4.55
Surgery site
Other sites	68	56.7
Lower leg, ankle, or foot	52	43.3
Education
Primary	16	13.3
Secondary	13	10.8
Senior high school	25	20.8
College or above	66	55
History of smoking
Yes	41	34.2
No	79	65.8
History of drinking
Yes	45	37.5
No	75	62.5
Complicated with hypertension
Yes	21	17.5
No	99	82.5
Residence
Rural	29	24.2
Urban	91	75.8
Marital status
Married	47	39.2
Single	52	43.3
Divorced/widowed	21	17.5

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Correlation between postoperative chronic pain and psychological status

Psychological status	VAS
	r value	P value
HAMD	0.625	0.027
HAMA	0.568	< 0.001

VAS: Visual analog scale; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety rating scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression rating scale.

Table 3 Correlation between postoperative disability and psychological status

Psychological status	DRI
	r value	P value
HAMD	0.683	< 0.001
HAMA	0.557	< 0.001

DRI: Disability rating index; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety rating scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression rating scale.