Analysis of status and influencing factors of mental health in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Table 1 Demographic data of 168 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, n (%)

Demographic characteristics	Number of cases (n = 168)
Age
18-30	52 (31.0)
31-40	65 (38.7)
41-50	37 (22.0)
> 50	14 (8.3)
Sex
Male	38 (22.6)
Female	130 (77.4)
Course of disease
≥ 1 yr	118 (70.2)
< 1 yr	50 (29.8)
Degree of education
< High school	69 (41.1)
≥ High school	99 (58.9)
Marital status
Single	46 (27.4)
Married	99 (58.9)
Divorced	23 (13.7)
Hormone dosage
0	26 (15.5)
< 7.5	92 (54.8)
7.5-30	47 (28.0)
> 30	3 (1.7)
Disease activity index
0-4	69 (41.1)
5-9	54 (32.1)
10-14	29 (17.3)
≥ 15	16 (9.5)

Table 2 Comparison of Symptom Checklist 90 scores of 168 patients with national norms

Categories	SLE (n = 168)	National norms in 2006 (n = 1890)	t	P value
Somatization	1.55 ± 0.63	1.42 ± 0.44	3.523	0.0004
Obsessive-compulsive	1.68 ± 0.52	1.66 ± 0.52	0.478	0.633
Interpersonal sensitivity	1.53 ± 0.44	1.51 ± 0.49	0.511	0.609
Depression	1.58 ± 0.54	1.49 ± 0.47	2.348	0.019
Anxiety	1.53 ± 0.55	1.34 ± 0.38	5.952	< 0.0001
Hostility	1.50 ± 0.87	1.49 ± 0.51	0.227	0.821
Phobic anxiety	1.35 ± 0.44	1.27 ± 0.39	2.52	0.012
Paranoid ideation	1.50 ± 0.44	1.44 ± 0.47	1.594	0.111
Psychoticism	1.36 ± 0.46	1.33 ± 0.39	0.941	0.347
Total	135.66 ± 36.03	130.02 ± 33.63	2.071	0.038

SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus.

Table 3 Correlation of Symptom Checklist 90 score with course of disease, hormone dosage, and disease activity index in 168 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

	Course of disease		Hormone dosage		Disease activity index
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
Somatization	0.025	0.744	0.199	0.009	0.423	< 0.0001
Depression	-.006	0.931	0.391	< 0.0001	0.226	0.003
Anxiety	0.039	0.613	0.293	0.0001	0.246	0.001
Phobic anxiety	0.144	0.062	0.013	0.8664	0.205	0.008
Total	0.082	0.289	0.210	0.006	0.268	0.0004

Table 4 Correlation analysis between Symptom Checklist 90 score and social support in 168 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

	PSSS		Family support		Friend support
Total score	60.65 ± 7.61		24.61 ± 2.03		36.04 ± 7.39
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
Somatization	-0.408	< 0.0001	-0.098	0.205	-0.394	< 0.0001
Obsessive-compulsive	-0.358	< 0.0001	-0.201	0.009	-0.313	< 0.0001
Interpersonal sensitivity	-0.292	0.0001	-0.211	0.006	-0.242	0.002
Depression	-0.367	< 0.0001	-0.154	0.046	-0.336	< 0.0001
Anxiety	-0.300	< 0.0001	-0.074	0.340	-0.289	0.0001
Hostility	-0.466	< 0.0001	-0.1011	0.1920	-0.452	< 0.0001
Phobic anxiety	-0.305	< 0.0001	-0.081	0.298	-0.292	0.0001
Paranoid ideation	-0.285	0.0002	-0.068	0.383	-0.275	0.0003
Psychoticism	-0.267	0.0005	-0.165	0.032	-0.229	0.0028
Total score	-0.298	< 0.0001	-0.077	0.318	-0.285	0.0002

PSSS: Perceived Social Support Scale.

Table 5 Optimism level and quality of life scores of 168 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Score	Number of cases (n = 168)	National norms (n = 17754)	t	P value
Optimism level	14.36 ± 4.42	-	-	-
Physical functioning	60.99 ± 3.05	89.9 ± 16.9	22.169	< 0.0001
Role-physical	60.85 ± 3.41	77.5 ± 34.8	6.201	< 0.0001
Bodily pain	58.62 ± 3.46	82.2 ± 16.9	18.081	< 0.0001
General health	59.07 ± 4.58	62.5 ± 17.8	2.497	0.013
Vitality	56.46 ± 2.92	68.2 ± 17.6	8.645	< 0.0001
Social functioning	65.62 ± 3.46	81.6 ± 19.9	10.407	< 0.0001
Role-emotional	53.32 ± 1.40	67.8 ± 39.4	4.763	< 0.0001
Mental health	52.54 ± 2.79	68.5 ± 16.9	12.238	< 0.0001

Table 6 Correlation of optimism level with quality of life in 168 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

	Optimism level
	r	P value
Physical functioning	0.172	0.026
Role-physical	0.018	0.814
Bodily pain	0.055	0.479
General health	0.474	< 0.0001
Vitality	0.280	0.0002
Social functioning	0.338	< 0.0001
Role-emotional	0.111	0.152
Mental health	0.347	< 0.0001