Neuropathological characteristics of abnormal white matter functional signaling in adolescents with major depression

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the included subjects

	MDD (n = 48)	HC (n = 31)	χ²/t	P value
Sex (male/female)	8/40	6/25	0.093	0.771
Age (yr)	14.15 (1.79)	14.71 (2.00)	-1.306	0.195
Education (yr)	8.44 (1.73)	8.87 (1.77)	-1.081	0.283
Head-motion	0.08 (0.04)	0.07 (0.03)	0.234	0.815
PHQ-9 scores	23.02 (2.39)	-	-	-
HCL-32 scores	6.94 (2.77)	-	-	-
MINISS scores	22.44 (9.61)	-	-	-

PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; HCL-32: The 32-item Hypomania Checklist; MINISS: The mini international neuropsychiatric interview suicidality subscale; MDD: Major depression disorders; HC: Healthy controls.

Table 2 Brain regions with significant differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity and independent component analysis between adolescents with major depression disorders and healthy controls

Indices	Anatomical region	MNI coordinates, x, y, z	Peak intensity	Cluster size
fALFF of WM	Posterior limb of the internal capsule L	21, -18, 3	-6.12	27
	Posterior corona radiata R	-24, -39, 33	-5.57	36
	Body of the corpus callosum	12, 15, 30	-5.75	62
	Superior corona radiata R	-18, -21, 51	-5.44	71
	Posterior corona radiata L	24, -36, 39	-6.39	106
ReHo of WM	Posterior limb of the internal capsule R	27, 0, 18	5.40	60
	Superior corona radiata L	-27, 3, 39	4.55	23
	Superior longitudinal fasciculus L	-30, -39, 42	-5.33	18
	Superior longitudinal fasciculus L	-24, -24, 48	-4.76	14
ICA of WM	Posterior limb of the internal capsule R	27, -15, 12	4.30	26
	Superior longitudinal fasciculus L	-24, -24, 45	-5.80	25

The significance threshold was set at P < 0.001, FWE voxel correction for multiple comparisons. fALFF: Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations; WM: White matter; ReHo: Regional homogeneity; ICA: Independent component analysis; L: Left; R: Right; MNI: Montreal neurological institute.