Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Psychiatry. Jan 19, 2024; 14(1): 53-62
Published online Jan 19, 2024. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i1.53
Table 1 Comparison of general patient data between the different anxiety and depression groups
Observation indices
No-A&D (n = 65)
Mild-A&D (n = 42)
Moderate-A&D (n = 93)
Severe-A&D (n = 33)
P value
Sex0.686
Male27 (41.54)20 (47.61)47 (50.54)17 (51.52)
Female38 (58.46)22 (52.39)46 (49.46)16 (48.48)
Age (yr, mean ± SD)63.20 ± 14.7564.93 ± 12.8166.08 ± 10.9966.67 ± 12.780.476
Course of disease (month, mean ± SD)68.00 ± 17.7466.36 ± 20.4968.53 ± 15.9768.97 ± 20.400.948
NYHA, n (%)< 0.001
I16 (24.62)6 (14.29)3 (3.23)4 (12.12)
II27 (41.54)8 (19.05)26 (27.96)8 (24.24)
III21 (32.31)24 (57.14)54 (58.06)17 (51.52)
IV1 (1.53)4 (9.52)10 (10.75)4 (12.12)
LVEF (%, mean ± SD)38.72 ± 3.3237.08 ± 3.0336.24 ± 2.5936.32 ± 3.16< 0.001
LVEDd (mm, mean ± SD)59.86 ± 5.2261.38 ± 4.9961.85 ± 4.9562.36 ± 4.520.047
NT-proBNP (ng/L, mean ± SD)1830.32 ± 421.641913.90 ± 447.932364.98 ± 490.562482.70 ± 541.86< 0.001
ST2 (μg/L, mean ± SD)51.26 ± 10.2553.76 ± 9.9252.97 ± 8.7453.61 ± 8.070.382
IL-6 (ng/L, mean ± SD)15.13 ± 2.9817.66 ± 4.3318.85 ± 3.8419.38 ± 5.17< 0.001
TNF-α (ng/L, mean ± SD)28.89 ± 5.8531.72 ± 7.0834.68 ± 5.8435.32 ± 5.1< 0.001
hs-CRP (ng/L, mean ± SD)12.27 ± 2.6712.49 ± 2.7113.03 ± 2.4513.22 ± 2.540.185
hs-cTn (ng/L, mean ± SD)22.94 ± 7.8324.53 ± 7.9924.45 ± 6.2224.40 ± 6.670.293
NYHA: New York Heart Association; A&D: Anxiety and depression; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ST2: Growth stimulation expressed gene 2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; hs-cTn: High sensitivity cardiac troponin.
Table 2 Comparison of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores among different New York Heart Association classes
Observation indices
I (n = 29)
II (n = 69)
III (n = 116)
IV (n = 19)
P value
SAS (mean ± SD)51.17 ± 16.5453.84 ± 17.8759.82 ± 15.5165.58 ± 16.760.003
SDS (mean ± SD)53.52 ± 16.8556.72 ± 17.6062.46 ± 14.7568.89 ± 12.400.001
SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.
Table 3 Inter-group comparison of the observed indicators of anxiety and depressive severity in patients, divided based on the requirement for early intervention
Observation indices
No/mild-A&D (N/M) (n = 107)
Moderate/severe-A&D (N/S) (n = 126)
t/Z/χ2
P value
LVEF (%, mean ± SD)38.08 ± 3.3036.26 ± 2.724.536< 0.001
LVEDd (mm, mean ± SD)60.46 ± 5.1661.98 ± 4.832.7780.005
NT-proBNP (ng/L, mean ± SD)1863.13 ± 432.002395.81 ± 505.308.656< 0.001
ST2 (μg/L, mean ± SD)52.24 ± 10.1553.14 ± 8.540.9080.364
IL-6 (ng/L, mean ± SD)16.12 ± 3.7618.99 ± 4.215.024< 0.001
TNF-α (ng/L, mean ± SD)30.00 ± 6.4834.84 ± 5.646.105< 0.001
hs-CRP (ng/L, mean ± SD)12.36 ± 2.6713.08 ± 2.462.1440.033
hs-cTn (ng/L, mean ± SD)23.56 ± 7.8924.44 ± 6.311.3010.193
A&D: Anxiety and depression; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; ST2: Growth stimulation expressed gene 2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; hs-cTn; High sensitivity cardiac troponin; N/M: No/mild.
Table 4 Regression analysis of the myocardial and inflammatory level indicators between the no/mild and moderate/severe groups
Observation indices
β
OR
P value
95%CI
LVEF-1.0500.350< 0.0010.226-0.541
LVEDd-0.1820.8340.0950.673-1.032
NT-proBNP0.0041.004< 0.0011.003-1.006
IL-60.2401.2710.0021.095-1.476
TNF-α-0.0020.9570.9980.928-1.073
hs-CRP-0.4300.6510.0600.416-1.019
LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hs-CRP: Hypersensitive C-reactive protein; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.