Analysis of factors related to postpartum depression in pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome patients and construction and evaluation of nomograms

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension

Variables	Depression group (n = 54)	Non-depression group (n = 222)	t/χ2/Z	P value
Gestational weeks of pregnancy-induced hypertension			-2.902	0.004
< 28	20 (37.04)	58 (26.13)
28–34	30 (55.56)	100 (45.05)
> 34	4 (7.41)	64 (28.83)
Adverse birth outcomes			16.283	< 0.001
Yes	16 (29.63)	20 (9.01)
No	38 (70.37)	202 (90.99)
History of adverse childbirth			0.310	0.578
Yes	8 (14.81)	40 (18.02)
No	46 (85.19)	182 (81.98)
Family support status			-3.349	0.001
Very little or no support	6 (11.11)	4 (1.80)
General support	26 (48.15)	78 (35.14)
Full support	22 (40.74)	140 (63.06)
VAD during pregnancy and puerperium			29.504	< 0.001
Yes	14 (25.93)	8 (3.60)
No	40 (74.07)	214 (96.40)
Complications			12.325	< 0.001
Yes	28 (51.85)	60 (27.03)
No	26 (48.15)	162 (72.97)
Asthma during pregnancy			3.140	0.076
Yes	10 (18.52)	22 (9.91)
No	44 (81.48)	200 (90.09)
Family history of hypertension			15.471	< 0.001
Yes	12 (22.22)	12 (5.41)
No	42 (77.78)	210 (94.59)
Mode of delivery			-0.285	0.775
Cesarean section	16 (29.63)	74 (33.33)
Natural birth	32 (59.26)	120 (54.05)
Vaginal midwifery	6 (11.11)	28 (12.61)
Number of deliveries (times)			0.591	0.442
1 (primiparous)	32 (59.26)	144 (64.86)
≥ 2 (multiparous)	22 (40.74)	78 (35.14)
Education level			-1.490	0.136
High school and below	18 (33.33)	52 (23.42)
Junior college	24 (44.44)	106 (47.75)
Bachelor's degree and above	12 (22.22)	64 (28.83)
Plan a pregnancy			0.409	0.522
No	10 (18.52)	50 (22.52)
Yes	44 (81.48)	172 (77.48)
Occupational status during pregnancy			-0.459	0.646
Not in office	10 (18.52)	50 (22.52)
Intermittent rest	32 (59.26)	124 (55.86)
On-the-job	12 (22.22)	48 (21.62)
Feeding methods			-0.180	0.857
Artificial feeding	10 (18.52)	46 (20.72)
Mixed feeding	24 (44.44)	94 (42.34)
Pure breastfeeding	20 (37.04)	82 (36.94)
5-HTR1AC (-1019) G
Genotype			-1.269	0.205
GG	30 (55.56)	117 (52.70)
CG	12 (22.22)	17 (7.66)
CC	12 (22.22)	88 (39.64)
Allelic			3.676	0.055
G	72 (66.67)	251 (56.63)
C	36 (33.33)	193 (43.47)
Intestinal flora imbalance during pregnancy and childbirth			16.283	< 0.001
Yes	16 (29.63)	20 (9.01)
No	38 (70.37)	202 (90.99)
Weight gain in late pregnancy			-2.122	0.034
Increase excess	22 (40.74)	44 (19.82)
Insufficient increase	12 (22.22)	80 (36.04)
Adequate increase	20 (37.04)	98 (44.14)
Age (years)	33.25 ± 9.46	32.87 ± 10.64	0.240	0.810
Maternal family monthly income (yuan)	3766.15 ± 1348.26	4200.85 ± 1622.26	1.821	0.070
EPA (pg/mL)	1.75 ± 0.31	2.02 ± 0.33	7.475	< 0.001
DHA (pg/mL)	1.83 ± 0.27	2.08 ± 0.36	4.784	< 0.001
AA (lgx, pg/mL)	1.08 ± 0.25	0.98 ± 0.36	1.930	0.055
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	21.57 ± 5.39	22.04 ± 5.12	0.599	0.550
PCT (μg/L)	2.02 ± 0.59	1.95 ± 0.46	0.946	0.345

VAD: Vitamin A deficiency; 5-HTR1AC(-1019)G: 5-HT1A receptor gene C(-1019)G; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; AA: Arachidonic acid; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin.

Table 2 Assignment

Variable	Assignment
Gestational weeks of pregnancy-induced hypertension	0 > 34; 1, 28–34; 2 < 28.
Adverse birth outcomes	0 = No, 1 = Yes
Family support status	0 = full support, 1 = general support, 2 = little or no support
VAD during pregnancy and puerperium	0 = No, 1 = Yes
Complications	0 = none, 1 = have
Family history of hypertension	0 = none, 1 = have
Intestinal flora imbalance during pregnancy and childbirth	0 = none, 1 = have
Weight gain in late pregnancy	0 = increase sufficient, 1 = increase insufficient, 2 = increase excessive
EPA	Actual value
DHA	Actual value

VAD: Vitamin A deficiency; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension

Independent variable	B	Wald	SE	P value	OR (95%CI)
Gestational weeks of pregnancy-induced hypertension	-	-	4.062	0.131	-
No. of weeks of pregnancy (1)	-1.564	0.816	3.678	0.055	0.209 (0.042–1.035)
Gestational weeks of pregnancy-induced hypertension (2)	-0.592	0.457	1.677	0.195	0.553 (0.226–1.355)
Adverse birth outcomes	0.261	0.684	0.145	0.703	1.298 (0.340–4.959)
Family support status	-	-	1.545	0.462	-
Family support status (1)	-1.365	1.155	1.397	0.237	0.255 (0.027–2.456)
Family support status (2)	-0.630	0.898	0.492	0.483	0.533 (0.092–3.095)
VAD during pregnancy and puerperium	2.159	0.642	11.296	0.001	8.662 (2.459–30.506)
Complications	-0.526	0.73	0.520	0.471	0.591 (0.141–2.470)
Family history of hypertension	1.868	0.675	7.667	0.006	6.474 (1.726–24.289)
Intestinal flora imbalance during pregnancy and childbirth	1.877	0.559	11.273	0.001	6.535 (2.185–19.551)
Weight gain in late pregnancy	-	-	4.060	0.131	-
Weight gain in late pregnancy (1)	-0.977	0.490	3.980	0.046	0.377 (0.144–0.983)
Weight gain in late pregnancy (2)	-0.359	0.538	0.446	0.504	0.698 (0.243–2.003)
EPA	-3.125	0.780	16.04	< 0.001	0.044 (0.010–0.203)
DHA	-2.568	0.644	15.88	< 0.001	0.077 (0.022–0.271)

VAD: Vitamin A deficiency; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.