Effects of sports on school adaptability, resilience and cell phone addiction tendency of high school students

Table 1 Analysis of characteristics of different levels of sport

	Low level (≤ 19 points)	Medium level (20-42 points)	High level (≥ 43 points)	Total
Score (point)
Intensity	3 (2, 3)	3 (3, 4)	4 (3, 5)	3 (2, 4)
Time	2 (1, 3)	4.0 (3.0, 4.5)	5 (4, 5)	3 (2, 4)
Frequency	3 (2, 4)	3 (3, 4)	4 (4, 5)	3 (2, 4)
Total score	6.0 (0, 13.5)	27 (24, 34)	49 (48, 62)	16 (6, 30)
Gender, n (%)
Male	157 (52.33)	82 (27.33)	61 (20.34)	300 (100.00)
Female	175 (67.31)	62 (23.85)	23 (8.84)	260 (100.00)
Total	332 (59.29)	144 (25.71)	84 (15.00)	560 (100.00)
Grade, n (%)
Senior 1	107 (58.15)	53 (24.81)	24 (13.04)	184 (100.00)
Senior 2	115 (59.90)	46 (23.96)	31 (16.14)	192 (100.00)
Senior 3	110 (59.78)	45 (24.46)	29 (15.76)	184 (100.00)
Total	332 (56.29)	144 (25.71)	84 (15.00)	560 (100.00)

Table 2 Gender differences in sports of high school students

	Male (n = 300)	Female (n = 260)	Z	P
Intensity	3 (2, 4)	3 (2, 4)	3.522	< 0.001
Time	3 (2, 4)	3 (2, 4)	3.002	0.003
Frequency	3 (2, 4)	3 (2, 4)	2.438	0.015
Total score	18 (6, 36)	12 (4, 24)	3.520	< 0.001

Table 3 Effect of gender and grade in high school students with low level of sport

	Intensity	Time	Frequency	Total score
Male	3 (2, 4)	2 (1, 3)	3 (2, 4)	6 (0, 12)
Female	2 (2, 3)	2 (2, 3)	3 (2, 3)	6.0 (2.0, 13.5)
Z	1.709	0.656	1.107	0.323
P	0.087	0.512	0.268	0.747
Senior 1	3.0 (2.0, 3.5)	3 (2, 3)	2 (1, 3)	8 (2.5, 15.0)
Senior 2	2 (2, 4)	2 (1, 3)	3 (2, 4)	6 (0, 12)
Senior 3	3 (2, 3)	2 (1, 3)	3 (2, 4)	6 (0, 12)
H	0039	3.391	4.462	1.434
P	0.981	0.183	0.107	0.488

Table 4 Effect of gender and grade among high school students with medium level of sport

	Intensity	Time	Frequency	Total score
Male	3 (3, 5)	4 (3, 5)	3 (3, 4)	30 (24, 32)
Female	3 (2, 4)	3 (3, 4)	3.5 (3, 4)	24 (24, 36)
Z	0.873	1.144	0.917	0.450
P	0.382	0.253	0.359	0.653
Senior 1	3 (3, 4)	4 (3, 4)	4 (3, 4)	30 (24, 36)
Senior 2	3 (2, 5)	4 (3, 5)	3 (3, 4)	24 (24, 32)
Senior 3	3 (3, 4)	4 (3, 5)	3 (3, 4)	27 (24, 32)
H	0.009	0.436	1.904	2.875
P	0.996	0.804	0.386	0.238

Table 5 Effect of gender and grade among high school students with high level of sport

	Intensity	Time	Frequency	Total score
Male	4 (3, 5)	5 (4, 5)	4 (4, 5)	60 (45, 64)
Female	4 (3, 5)	4 (4, 5)	4 (4, 5)	48 (48, 60)
Z	0.155	0.949	0.268	0.862
P	0.877	0.343	0.788	0.389
Senior 1	4.0 (3.0, 4.5)	5 (4, 5)	4 (3, 5)	48 (45, 60)
Senior 2	4 (3, 5)	5 (4, 5)	4 (4, 5)	50 (48, 62)
Senior 3	4 (3, 5)	5 (4, 5)	4 (4, 5)	60 (48, 64)
H	1.202	0.145	0.095	3.084
P	0.548	0.930	0.954	0.214

Table 6 Correlation analysis of high school students’ sports with school adaptability, resilience and cell phone addiction tendency

	Sports	School adaptability	Resilience	Cell phone addiction
Sports	1
School adaptability	0.761b	1
Resilience	0.765b	0.743b	1
Cell phone addiction	-0.747b	-0.766b	-0.786b	1

^bP < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Table 7 Test results of mediating effect

Paths		Coeff	S.E.	LLCI	ULCI
Direct effect	Sports→cell phone addiction	-0.138	0.027	-0.190	-0.085
Indirect effect	(1) Sports→school adaptability→cell phone addiction	-0.117	0.0224	-0.162	-0.0742
	(2) Sports→resilience→cell phone addiction	-0.238	0.025	-0.290	-0.193
	(3) Sports→school adaptability→resilience→cell phone addiction	-0.180	0.017	-0.214	-0.148
	Total indirect effect	-0.536	0.030	-0.598	-0.480
Total effect		-0.673	0.021	-0.714	-0.633

LLCI: Lower limit of 95%CI; ULCI: Upper limit of 95%CI.