Relationship between perceived social support and post-traumatic growth in coronavirus disease 2019 patients discharged from the hospital

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, n (%)

Characteristics
Sex
Female	112 (57.1)
Male	84 (42.9)
Marital status
Single	53 (73.0)
Married	143 (27.0)
Children
Yes	147 (75.0)
No	49 (25.0)
Family type
Nuclear family	131 (66.8)
Extended family	65 (33.2)
Living place
Village	45 (23.0)
District	32 (16.3)
Province	119 (60.7)
Education status
Primary education	116 (59.2)
High school	39 (19.9)
University or graduate	41 (20.9)
Income status
Less than income	40 (20.4)
Income is equivalent to expenses	113 (57.7)
More than income	43 (21.9)
Working status
Yes1	90 (45.9)
No2	106 (54.1)
Chronic disease
Yes	72 (36.7)
No	125 (63.3)
Treatment place
Intensive care unit	46 (23.5)
Clinic	138 (70.4)
Both	12 (6.1)
Form of treatment
No support	89 (45.4)
Oxygen therapy	103 (52.6)
Noninvasive-invasive ventilation	4 (2.0)
Lost a loved one due to COVID-19
Family	31 (15.8)
Relative	56 (28.6)
Close friend	109 (55.6)
Hospitalization for another reason
Yes	43 (21.9)
No	153 (78.1)
Received psychological support from a specialist due to COVID-19
Yes	12 (6.1)
No	184 (93.9)
Availability of COVID-19 vaccine
Yes	171 (87.2)
No	25 (12.8)
Age, mean ± SD	50.05 ± 19.19
Treatment duration (d), mean ± SD	13.22 ± 10.46
Time elapsed after COVID-19 treatment (mo), mean ± SD	12.67 ± 5.93
Stress level related to COVID-19, mean ± SD	7.14 ± 2.58

¹Officer, self-employed, student.

²Housewife and those who do not work in another job.

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Table 2 Multidimensional scale of perceived social support and post-traumatic growth scale sub-scale and mean, minimum and maximum values of total score averages

Scales	Minimum and maximum scores that can be obtained from the scale	Minimum and maximum scores taken from the scale	mean ± SD
MSPSS
Family support	4-28	4-28	20.22 ± 6.27
Friend support	4-28	7-28	20.85 ± 5.80
Significant other support	4-28	4-28	22.74 ± 4.71
Total MSPSS	12-84	24-84	63.82 ± 15.72
PTGS
Relationships with others	0-30	0-30	13.87 ± 5.57
New possibilities	0-20	0-18	8.52 ± 3.82
Personal strength	0-20	0-20	8.81 ± 4.71
Spiritual change	0-20	0-20	9.20 ± 4.35
Appreciate life	0-15	0-15	7.34 ± 3.43
Total PTGS	0-105	0-100	47.77 ± 19.85

MSPSS: Multidimensional scale of perceived social support; PTGS: Post-traumatic growth scale.

Table 3 Relationship between post-traumatic growth scale and multidimensional scale of perceived social support

Relationship	Family support		Friend support		Significant other support		Total MSPSS
	R	P value	R	P value	R	P value	R	P value
Relationships with others	0.177	0.177	0.151	0.035a	0.132	0.064	0.166	0.020a
New possibilities	0.163	0.023a	0.155	0.030a	0.125	0.08	0.16	0.025a
Personal strength	0.142	0.048a	0.135	0.059	0.126	0.078	0.144	0.044a
Spiritual change	0.135	0.06	0.085	0.239	0.069	0.335	0.106	0.141
Appreciating life	0.127	0.077	0.141	0.048a	0.123	0.085	0.14	0.051
Total PTGS	0.166	0.020a	0.147	0.039a	0.128	0.074	0.159	0.026a

^aCorrelation was significant at the 0.05 level (two-tailed).

R: Pearson’s correlation; MSPSS: Multidimensional scale of perceived social support; PTGS: Post-traumatic growth scale.

Table 4 Perceived social support as predictors of post-traumatic growth

Parameter	B	Standard error	β	t	P value	R2	Adjusted R2
Total PTGS	34.969	5.880		5.947	0.000
Total MSPSS	0.201	0.089	0.159	2.242	0.026	0.025	0.020

R = 0.159, R² = 0.025, F = 5.026, P < 0.05, Durbin Watson: 2.100. MSPSS: Multidimensional scale of perceived social support; PTGS: Post-traumatic growth scale.