Independent risk factors for depression in older adult patients receiving peritoneal dialysis for chronic kidney disease

Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the study patients

Factors	No-depression (n = 59)	Depression (n = 111)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	67.23 ± 0.23	68.11 ± 0.36	0.590
Sex (male/female)	78/33	41/18	0.975
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	22.10 ± 0.55	20.83 ± 0.40	0.057
Year of education (yr)	8.0 ± 0.50	5.5 ± 0.50	0.0211
Mental State Scale scores
BDI-II	5.72 ± 0.92	18.13 ± 0.21	< 0.0013
SAS	44.11 ± 1.02	60.92 ± 2.90	< 0.0013
PSQI	3.90 ± 0.67	19.02 ± 0.82	< 0.0013
Medical history
HTN	21(35.59%)	41 (36.94%)	0.056
DM	35(59.32%)	56 (50.45%)	< 0.0013
CVD	12(20.33%)	24 (21.62%)	< 0.0013
Physical examination
Albumin (g/L)	37.78 ± 0.41	31.27 ± 0.13	0.0022
Hemoglobin (g/L)	121.40 ± 11.90	103.90 ± 13.33	0.0311
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.98 ± 0.59	1.56 ± 0.46	0.072
P (mmol/L)	1.82 ± 0.35	1.74 ± 0.12	0.197
Ca (mmol/L)	2.34 ± 0.19	2.24 ± 0.26	0.237
Na (mmol/L)	137.25 ± 12.60	135.01 ± 15.06	0.892
Renal function
Scr (μmol/L)	352.15 ± 15.65	350.21 ± 15.96	0.145
BUA (μmol/L)	369.78 ± 14.69	357.37 ± 14.34	0.774
Residual renal Kt/V	0.28 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.07	0.132
Peritoneal Kt/V	1.56 ± 0.10	1.54 ± 0.21	0.521

¹P < 0.05.

²P < 0.01.

³P < 0.001.

HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Scr: Serum creatinine; BUA: Blood uric acid.

Table 2 Correlation between depression and relevant indicators in peritoneal dialysis patients

Factors	rs	P value
Year of education	-0.415	< 0.0013
BDI-II	0.925	0.0152
SAS	0.982	< 0.0013
Hemoglobin	-0.332	0.0022
Peritoneal Kt/V	-0.456	0.0231

¹P < 0.05.

²P < 0.01.

³P < 0.001.

BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.

Table 3 Influencing factor assignments

Factors	Assignment
Years of schooling	> 6 yr = 0, < 6 yr = 1
BDI-II	< 14 score = 0, ≥ 14 score = 1
SAS	< 50 score = 0, ≥ 50 score = 1
PSQI	< 16 score = 0, ≥ 16 score = 1
DM	No = 0, yes = 1
CVD	No = 0, yes = 1
Albumin	≥ 35 = 0, < 35 = 1
Hemoglobin	< 110 = 1, ≥ 110 = 1

BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease.

Table 4 Dichotomous logistic regression analysis of patient depression

Indices	β	Wald	P value	OR	95% CI
Years of schooling	1.519	1.628	0.0251	0.971	0.921-0.987
BDI-II	0.116	5.177	< 0.0013	0.258	0.215-0.267
SAS	0.059	2.648	< 0.0013	1.605	1.420-1.700
PSQI	0.169	11.029	< 0.0013	0.157	0.144-0.162
DM	0.126	8.053	< 0.0013	1.264	1.201-1.274
CVD	0.236	2.615	0.0022	0.584	0.573-0.600
Albumin	-0.300	5.641	0.051	1.177	1.059-1.208
Hemoglobin	-0.321	3.641	< 0.0013	1.060	0.998-1.105

¹P < 0.05.

²P < 0.01.

³P < 0.001.

BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; DM: Diabetes Mellitus; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease.