Emerging role of psychosis in Parkinson's disease: From clinical relevance to molecular mechanisms

Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease psychosis according to the National Institute of Neurology and Stroke-National Institute of Mental Health and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition and Modified National Institute of Neurology and Stroke score

NINDS-NIMH diagnostic criteria		DSM-V criteria	Modified NINDS criteria score proposed by Gordon et al[29]
PD diagnosis	(1) United Kingdom Brain Banks criteria; and (2) The onset of PD must be preceded the psychotic symptoms	Prominent hallucinations or delusions	Assigning scores to each psychotic symptoms of NINDS-NIMH diagnostic criteria: (1) Delusions score with 2; (2) Other psychotic symptoms score with 1; and (3) Cut-off sum for PD psychosis equal to or higher than 2
Psychotic symptoms: At least one of the following	(1) Hallucinations; (2) False perceptions; (3) Illusions; and (4) Delusions	There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of PD
The duration of psychotic symptoms	(1) Periodically or continuously; and (2) Last more than 1 mo	The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder
Exclusion of other probable disorders and conditions	(1) Dementia with Lewy bodies; (2) Primary psychiatric disorders; (3) Extrapyramidal symptoms induced by drugs; and (4) Delirium	(1) The disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of a delirium; and (2) The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

DSM-V: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition; PD: Parkinson’s disease; NINDS-NIMH: National Institute of Neurology and Stroke and the National Institute of Mental Health.