Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2022; 12(3): 505-520
Published online Mar 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.505
Table 1 Suicide mortality by hanging/strangulation/suffocation in Serbia, 1991-2020; number of cases and age standardized rate per 100000 (using World standard population)
Year All
Males
Females
Number
ASR
Number
ASR
Number
ASR
1991 9789.169014.12884.7
1992 10109.169713.73135.0
1993 10339.269013.63435.4
1994 9488.567913.32694.3
1995 8307.458811.42424.0
1996 9098.363812.62714.5
1997 9078.164912.62584.0
1998 8577.659411.62634.2
19999478.266112.72864.3
20009197.764612.12733.9
20018607.460511.42553.9
20028767.464412.02323.3
20038076.960011.52072.9
20048367.162311.62133.2
20058566.960911.02473.2
20068817.364011.72413.3
20078417.060911.12323.3
20088046.957210.62323.4
20098367.163011.62063.1
20107455.95629.71832.4
20118186.860310.92153.1
20128076.761611.11912.7
20137346.156210.11722.5
20147205.95589.91622.2
20156465.45019.01452.1
2016 6035.24518.41522.2
2017 6145.14818.71331.9
2018 5864.84668.21201.7
20195865.14538.51331.9
20205464.54337.61131.7
Overall243407.01775011.165903.3
Table 2 Joinpoint regression analysis1 of suicide mortality by hanging/strangulation/suffocation in both sexes in Serbia, by age, 1991-2020
Age2
Year 1991
Year 2020
Number of joinpoints
AAPC
Lower 95%CI
Upper 95%CI
No of cases
rates
No of cases
rates
Age-specific rates3
10-19 9 0.9 4 0.6 0- 2.71-4.4 -1.1
20-2956 5.8 20 2.5 0 - 1.51-2.4 -0.6
30-39101 8.4 45 4.7 0 - 1.21-1.8 -0.6
40-49 133 14.1 69 7.1 0 - 1.51-2.2 -0.8
50-59 190 17.5 100 10.8 0 - 1.41-1.8 -1.1
60-69 219 23.7 123 12.4 0 - 2.81-3.1 -2.4
70-79 161 48.6 107 18.5 0 - 3.51-4.1 -2.9
80+ 109 76.5 78 24.5 0 - 3.41-3.9 -3.0
Age-standardized rates3
All ages 9789.1546 4.5 1-2.11-2.4 -1.8
Table 3 Joinpoint analysis: Trends1 in age-specific suicide mortality rates (per 100000) by hanging/strangulation/suffocation in Serbia, by sexes, 1991-2020
Age2Males
Females
Period
APC (95%CI)
Period
APC (95%CI)
10-19 1991-2020 -2.81 (-4.4 to -1.0) 3
20-291991-2020 -1.21 (-2.1 to -0.3) 3
30-391991-2014-0.1 (-1.0 to +0.7) 1991-2020 -2.21 (-3.3 to -1.1)
2014-2020-7.71 (-13.5 to -1.5)
Full period4 -1.11 (-1.7 to -0.4)
40-49 1991-2011+0.3 (-0.9 to +1.4) 1991-2020 -3.21 (-4.4 to -2.1)
2011-2020-4.91 (-8.5 to -1.1)
Full period-1.01 (-1.7 to -0.2)
50-59 1991-2020 -0.81 (-1.3 to -0.4) 1991-2020 -3.21 (-4.0 to -2.5)
60-69 1991-2020 -2.31 (-2.8 to -1.8) 1991-2008-2.21 (-3.8 to -0.6)
2008-2020-7.61 (-10.1 to -5.0)
Full period-4.31 (-5.1 to -3.5)
70-79 1991-2020 -3.11 (-3.6 to -2.5) 1991-2020 -4.71 (-5.5 to -3.9)
80+1991-2020 -3.21 (-3.7 to -2.7) 1991-2020 -3.81 (-4.9 to -2.8)
All ages1991-2012-1.21 (-1.6 to -0.9) 1991-2020 -3.51 (-3.9 to -3.1)
2012-2020-3.71 (-5.2 to -2.3)
Full period-1.71 (-2.0 to -1.4)
Table 4 Age, period, and cohort effects on suicide mortality by hanging/strangulation/suffocation in Serbia, by sexes, 1991-2020
GroupMales
Females
Effect
95%CI
Effect
95%CI
Age10-14 1.70.9–3.1 0.80.2–3.1
15-194.43.0–6.41.60.7–3.6
20-248.46.3–11.3 2.91.6–5.2
25-299.37.1–12.1 3.11.8–5.2
30-3410.88.7–13.5 3.72.5–5.5
35-3912.7 10.5–15.4 4.22.9–5.9
40-44 15.3 12.9–18.2 4.23.1–5.9
45-4917.4 14.8–20.5 5.13.7–6.9
50-54 21.1 17.1–23.7 5.23.8–7.1
55-5921.5 17.3–24.3 5.23.7–7.1
60-64 21.4 17.7–25.8 5.23.7–7.3
65-6921.2 17.3–25.9 5.33.7–7.6
70-74 25.1 20.3–31.0 5.53.8–8.0
75-7930.8 24.5–38.5 5.73.9–8.4
Period1991-19951.10.9–1.21.31.1–1.7
1996-20001.00.9–1.21.21.0–1.5
2001-20051.01.0–1.01.01.0–1.0
2006-20101.00.9–1.10.9 0.7–1.1
2011-20150.90.8–1.00.7 0.5–0.9
2016-2020 0.70.6–0.80.5 0.4–0.7
Cohort1916–1920 2.92.0–4.3 6.43.6–11.3
1921–1925 2.21.7–2.9 4.52.9–7.0
1926–1930 1.91.5–2.4 3.32.2–4.9
1931–1935 1.71.4–2.1 2.71.9–3.9
1936–1940 1.41.2–1.7 2.31.6–3.3
1941–1945 1.21.0–1.5 1.91.3–2.6
1946–1950 1.10.9–1.3 1.41.0–2.0
1951–1955 1.10.9–1.3 1.10.8–1.5
1956–19601.10.9–1.3 1.10.8–1.6
1961–1965 1.01.0–1.01.01.0–1.0
1966–1970 0.90.8–1.10.80.5–1.2
1971–1975 0.90.8–1.20.60.4–0.9
1976–1980 0.90.7–1.10.70.4–1.1
1981–1985 0.90.7–1.20.60.4–1.0
1986–1990 0.80.6–1.10.40.2–0.8
1991–1995 0.70.4–1.00.50.2–1.1
1996–2000 0.70.4–1.10.20.1–1.0
2001–2005 0.60.3–1.50.10.0–4.7
2006–20100.40.0–2.90.10.0–49.4
Wald Chi-square tests for estimable functions, P value
Net drift< 0.000< 0.000
All period rate ratios< 0.000< 0.000
All cohort rate ratios< 0.000< 0.000
All local drifts0.0920.897