Michelin AP, Maes MHJ, Supasitthumrong T, Limotai C, Matsumoto AK, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Moreira EG, Kanchanatawan B, Barbosa DS. Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12(2): 308-322 [PMID: 35317335 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.308]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Michael H J Maes, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan 1873, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. dr.michaelmaes@hotmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Psychiatry
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Psychiatry. Feb 19, 2022; 12(2): 308-322 Published online Feb 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.308
Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical data of healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and patients with psychosis, depression and anxiety due to temporal lobe epilepsy (mean ± SD)
Table 2 Results of multivariate general linear model analysis examining the differences between diagnostic groups (diagnosis), namely healthy controls, temporal lobe epilepsy with and without comorbidities including depression, psychosis, and anxiety
Tests
Dependent variables
Exploratory variables
F
df
P value
Partial Eta squared
All 4 biomarkers
Multivariate
CMPAase
Diagnosis
6.49
16/410
< 0.001
0.158
Arylesterase
Sex
1.22
4/134
0.306
0.035
Res CMPAase
Age
0.61
4/134
0.654
0.018
Res Arylesterase
BMI
1.07
4/134
0.375
0.031
Between-subject effects
CMPAase
Diagnosis
28.06
4/137
< 0.001
0.450
Res CMPAase
Diagnosis
26.60
4/137
< 0.001
0.437
Arylesterase
Diagnosis
11.31
4/137
< 0.001
0.248
Res Arylesterase
Diagnosis
16.90
4/137
< 0.001
0.330
Table 3 Model-generated estimated marginal means of paraoxonase 1 levels in healthy controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and psychosis, depression and anxiety due to temporal lobe epilepsy
Table 4 Measurement of paraoxonase enzymatic activity in healthy controls and subgroups of temporal lobe epilepsy patients
PON1 activities
HC
Pure TLE
F
df
P value
Partial eta squared
CMPAase (U/mL)
42.8 (1.7)
28.8 (1.9)
30.61
1/62
< 0.001
0.331
Arylesterase (U/mL)
215.4 (10.8)
156.4 (12.2)
13.47
1/62
0.001
0.178
MTS
CMPAase (U/mL)
41.7 (1.5)
25.6 (1.2)
81.44
1/100
< 0.001
0.449
Arylesterase (U/mL)
209.8 (9.4)
139.4 (7.5)
36.98
1/100
< 0.001
0.270
Pure MTS
CMPAase (U/mL)
42.2 (1.8)
27.3 (2.6)
22.61
1/52
< 0.001
0.303
Arylesterase (U/mL)
213.0 (10.8)
139.5
14.65
1/52
< 0.001
0.220
Table 5 Results of multiple regression analysis with rating scales as dependent variables and paraoxonase status as explanatory variables
Dependent variables
Explanatory variables (model)
β
t value
P value
F model
Df
P value
Partial Eta squared
BPRS
CMPAase
-0.444
-6.09
< 0.001
29.35
2/143
< 0.001
0.291
Education
-0.213
-2.93
0.004
Psychosis
CMPAase
-0.260
-3.20
0.002
9.56
2/143
< 0.001
0.118
Education
-0.167
-2.06
0.041
Negative symptoms
Education
-0.329
-4.52
< 0.001
12.75
4/141
< 0.001
0.226
Sex
-0.329
-4.29
< 0.001
Res CMPAase
-0.189
-2.56
< 0.011
Age
-0.172
-2.30
0.023
HAM-D
CMPAase
-0.347
-4.51
< 0.001
11.95
4/140
< 0.001
0.254
Education
-0.231
-3.02
0.003
Overdominant model
-0.227
-3.06
0.003
Sex
0.170
2.31
0.023
Suicidal ideation
Dominant model
0.354
4.61
< 0.001
13.21
2/143
< 0.001
0.156
Res CMPAase
-0.173
-2.26
0.025
Physiosomatic symptoms
CMPAase
-0.349
-4.47
< 0.001
19.94
1/144
< 0.001
0.122
PMR
Education
-0.386
-5.13
< 0.001
14.75
4/141
< 0.001
0.295
Sex
-0.252
-3.54
0.001
Res CMPAase
-0.243
-3.36
0.001
Age
-0.186
-2.53
0.013
HAM-A
CMPAase
-0.350
-4.80
< 0.001
12.93
2/143
< 0.001
0.153
Sex
0.163
2.10
0.037
Psychopathology index
CMPAase
-0.430
-5.83
< 0.001
19.94
3/141
< 0.001
0.298
Education
-0.250
-3.41
0.002
Overdominant model
-0.148
-2.07
0.040
MMSE
Education
0.593
9.09
< 0.001
54.48
2/142
< 0.001
0.434
CMPAase
0.175
2.69
0.008
Citation: Michelin AP, Maes MHJ, Supasitthumrong T, Limotai C, Matsumoto AK, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Moreira EG, Kanchanatawan B, Barbosa DS. Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12(2): 308-322