Prevalence and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in inpatients with schizophrenia in Wuhan, China

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of psychiatric inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 based on disease severity

	All patients (n = 101)	Severe (n = 17)	Non-severe (n = 84)	F/χ2	P
Age	54.8 ± 12.0	61.3 ± 14.1	53.4 ± 11.2	9.63	0.003
Median (IQR), years	56 (48-63)	65 (57-70)	55 (47-61)
Distribution, years (%)				14.50	0.001
20-49	30 (29.7%)	2 (11.8%)	28 (33.3%)
50-64	51 (50.5%)	6 (35.3%)	45 (53.6%)
≥ 65	20 (19.8%)	9 (52.9%)	11 (13.1%)
Male/female	72/29 (71.3%/28.7%)	10/7 (58.8%/41.2%)	62/22 (73.8%/26.2%)	1.55	0.21
Blood pressure
Systolic pressure	122.2 ± 7.2	119.6 ± 6.8	122.8 ± 7.2	2.80	0.09
Diastolic pressure	77.2 ± 5.5	76.9 ± 4.4	77.2 ± 5.7	0.06	0.81
Diagnosis
Schizophrenia	84	10	74
Bipolar disorder	4	1	3
Alzheimer’s Disease	4	4	0
Mental retardation	3	1	2
Epileptic psychosis	3	0	3
Organic mental disorder	3	1	2
Weight (kg)	62.1 ± 10.3	55.8 ± 7.7	63.2 ± 10.4	1.62	0.21
Smoker/non-smoker	14/76	1/10	13/66	0.40	0.53
Duration of illness (yr)	27.9 ± 11.8	31.7 ± 14.4	27.4 ± 11.4	1.41	0.24
Age of onset (yr)	26.9 ± 11.0	34.3 ± 17.5	25.8 ± 9.4	2.56	0.11
Comorbid physical diseases	43 (48.8%)	13 (76.5%)	40 (47.6%)	4.72	0.03
Antipsychotics
Clozapine	14 (13.9%)	3 (17.6%)	11 (13.1%)	0.25	0.62
Non-clozapine	87 (86.1%)	14 (82.4%)	73 (86.9%)
Antipsychotic dose (mg) (chlorpromazine equivalents)	239.2 ± 156.2	191.0 ± 164.1	264.4 ± 160.8	3.16	0.08

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; IQR: The interquartile range.

Table 2 Characteristics of schizophrenia patients with or without coronavirus disease 2019

	COVID-19 patients (n = 84)	Non-COVID-19 patients (n = 174)	F, Z or χ	P
Age (yr)	54.6 ± 9.5	51.1 ± 9.5	7.65	0.006
Gender (Male/ Female)	64/20 (76.2%/23.8%)	137/31 (78.7%/17.8%)	3.36	0.07
Marital status			1.06	0.59
Single	45/75 (60.0%)	104/160 (65.0%)
Married	9/75 (12.0%)	21/160 (13.1%)
Divorced	21/75 (28.0%)	35/160 (21.9%)
Weight (kg)	62.0 ± 10.3	67.8 ± 16.6	9.40	0.002
Blood pressure
Systolic pressure	122.5 ± 7.2	125.5 ± 8.0	7.98	0.005
Diastolic pressure	77.3 ± 5.7	76.6 ± 6.0	0.81	0.37
Smoker/non-smoker	11/65	92/74	35.8	0.000
Duration of illness (years)	29.4 ± 11.0	27.4 ± 10.3	2.09	0.14
Age of onset (years)	25.4 ± 7.9	23.8 ± 7.3	2.06	0.15
Comorbid physical diseases	43 (48.8%)	44/164 (26.8%)	11.9	0.001
Antipsychotics			14.1	0.03
Olanzapine	18 (21.4%)	16 (9.2%)
Risperidone	16 (19.0%)	45 (25.9%)
Clozapine	15 (17.9%)	55 (31.6%)
Quetiapine	13 (15.5%)	18 (10.3%)
Aripiprazole	11 (13.1%)	17 (9.8%)
Ziprasidone	4 (4.8%)	5 (2.9%)
Typicals	7 (8.3%)	18 (10.3%)
Antipsychotic dose (mg/d) (chlorpromazine equivalents)	264.4 ± 160.8	226.9 ± 152.8	3.16	0.08

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.